The basophil activation test in the diagnosis of allergy: technical issues and critical factors

Sturm, Gunter J.; Kranzelbinder, Bettina; Sturm, Eva M.; Heinemann, Ákos; Groselj‐Strele, Andrea; Aberer, Werner

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02004.x

Cited by 98 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…BAT should be carried out as soon as possible after blood withdrawal [9,11,123], and its performance may depend on several factors, such as the type of vial used for specimen collection [109]. BATs have proved to be useful tools to diagnose early onset of allergy and anaphylactic adverse reactions, such as with drugs [124], but also in monitoring immunotherapy [125,126,127] and to reintroduce food to allergic children [128].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basophil Activation Test in Allergy: Time for an Update?

Chirumbolo

2012

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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A wide range of reported evidence in the literature has shown that the quantification of basophil activation by flow cytometry (basophil activation test, BAT) has proven to be a useful tool for the assessment of immediate-type responses to allergens mediated by IgE or other mechanisms in allergic patients. The usefulness of BAT in anaphylactic adverse reactions, late-onset allergy and immunotherapy follow-up has also been demonstrated. To date, most BAT studies reported in the literature involved the capture of basophils only with a fluorochrome-labeled anti-IgE antibody and application of CD63 upregulation in order to evaluate the basophil response to allergens. Many issues need to be addressed, such as optimizing the analytical performance of the test, checking preanalytical conditions, the selection of the flow cytometry best gating protocol, the introduction of new algorithms and parameters, the search for new activation markers and the introduction of anti-IgE controls. BAT is certainly a useful technique, also for isolated cases of hypersensitivity to various other compounds and drugs, and an update of its application is certainly an interesting topic to expand the debate on allergy diagnosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basophil Activation Test in Allergy: Time for an Update?

Chirumbolo

2012

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Currently, BAT with CD63 is the best clinically validated test, whereas BAT based on CD203c still requires further investigation. However, the debate on its reliability and validity is still ongoing and agreement on a standardized protocol has not been reached (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of studies assessing the diagnostic usefulness of new methods in the case of allergy to aeroallergens are usually compared to the gold standard, namely, skin testing (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD 63 Cell Expression Detected by Flow-Cytometric Determination and Basophil Activation in Allergic Patients

Tammaro

Narcisi

Amodeo

et al. 2012

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Flow cytometry analysis of in vitro activated basophils (BATs) based on the detection of CD63 up-regulation on basophil membrane provides the physician and the clinical laboratory with a novel diagnostic approach, proposed as a promising alternative method for in vitro diagnosis of IgE and non-mediated reactions. We performed an optimized flow cytometric procedure to assess CD63 expression on activated basophils on twenty allergic patients, and compared the results with specific IgE determination (RAST) and skin testing (Prick test).

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“…Nevertheless, BAT is a widely validated and reliable tool, particularly for the diagnosis of hymenoptera venom [131] , nut [132] , grass pollen [133] and rare allergies (such as drugs and exotic foods) [113] , and anaphylaxis [134] and anaphylactoid reactions [120] . BAT exhibited the highest sensitivity and specificity, with a significantly better ability than sIgE testing for the identification of Anisakis species in the patients with acute urticaria, potentially supplementing current standardized procedures in both diagnosis and follow-up [135] .…”

Section: Activation Markers Of Mast Cells and Basophils Mast Cell-spementioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells and basophils are essential for allergies: mechanisms of allergic inflammation and a proposed procedure for diagnosis

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2013

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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The current definition of allergy is a group of IgE-mediated diseases. However, a large portion of patients with clinical manifestations of allergies do not exhibit elevated serum levels of IgE (sIgEs). In this article, three key factors, ie soluble allergens, sIgEs and mast cells or basophils, representing the causative factors, messengers and primary effector cells in allergic inflammation, respectively, were discussed. Based on current knowledge on allergic diseases, we propose that allergic diseases are a group of diseases mediated through activated mast cells and/or basophils in sensitive individuals, and allergic diseases include four subgroups: (1) IgE dependent; (2) other immunoglobulin dependent; (3) non-immunoglobulin mediated; (4) mixture of the first three subgroups. According to our proposed definition, pseudo-allergic-reactions, in which mast cell or basophil activation is not mediated via IgE, or to a lesser extent via IgG or IgM, should be non-IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Specific allergen challenge tests (SACTs) are gold standard tests for diagnosing allergies in vivo, but risky. The identification of surface membrane activation markers of mast cells and basophils (CD203c, CCR3, CD63, etc) has led to development of the basophil activation test (BAT), an in vitro specific allergen challenge test (SACT). Based on currently available laboratory allergy tests, we here propose a laboratory examination procedure for allergy.

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The basophil activation test in the diagnosis of allergy: technical issues and critical factors

Cited by 98 publications

References 21 publications

Basophil Activation Test in Allergy: Time for an Update?

Basophil Activation Test in Allergy: Time for an Update?

CD 63 Cell Expression Detected by Flow-Cytometric Determination and Basophil Activation in Allergic Patients

Mast cells and basophils are essential for allergies: mechanisms of allergic inflammation and a proposed procedure for diagnosis

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