The basic constituents of the leaves of Carica papaya

“…Our work in isolating carpaine from C. papaya (E) leaves using the methods of Govindachari et al (1954); Coke & Rice (1968); Ogan (1970); Tang (1978) and Khuzhaev & Aripova (2000) yielded an impure carpaine samples with lower yield. In an attempt to harvest the carpaine in a purer and higher yields, modification to conventional acid/base extraction method were carried out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Preceding studies have reported that the extraction of carpaine from papaya leaves inadvertently include some impurities such as ψcarpane, ψcarpamic acid, ψcarpaine (Govindachari, 2002), pseudocarpaine (Govindachari & Narasimhan, 1953;Khuzhaev & Aripova, 2000;Ogan, 1970), novel carpainederived macrocyclic ethers (Jacques et al, 1997), carpaine monoamides and dehydrocarpaine I and II (Tang, 1978). Hence, only a small amount of carpaine thrives to be extracted each time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Alkaloids from Papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Eksotika) Leaves

Bukhari¹,

Rahman²,

Khalid³

et al. 1970

BJRST

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Since the isolation procedures are easy, many of the earliest pure compounds isolated with biological activitywere alkaloids. The nitrogen molecules in plant cells generally make the compound alkaline which makealkaloids exist in a salt form in plants. Thus, alkaloids are often extracted with water and/or acid solution systemand then recovered as crystalline material by treatment using a base. The alkaloid carpaine was extracted fromvarious part of Carica papaya L. var. Eksotika from field grown samples namely leaves, petiole and fruit peel,and from in vitro samples namely leaves, petiole, suspension cells and suspension liquid with only one artifact ofimpurity detected i.e. dehydrocarpaine II. Supercritical fluid extraction was analysed to obtain pure and highyield of carpaine compound as compared to conventional acid base extraction method. The ratio ofethanol/water/acetic acid used at 94.5:5:0.5 (v/v/v) was confirmed to be a better solvent system for carpaineextraction since only one pseudocarpaine i.e. dehydrocarpaine II was extracted together with carpaine. In thisstudy, the application of single fluid of carbon dioxide in supercritical fluid extraction procedure generated pureand higher yield of carpaine compound. Additional centrifugation step should have contributed to a higher purityof the extracted carpaine.

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“…Yield: Carpaine occurs in papaya leaves in concentrations as high as 0.4% which is enough to make it available commercially at very reasonable costs^ While studying the basic constituents of the leaves of Carica papaya L. Ogan (1971) found lower yield of carpaine from Nigerian variety than the values reported for American and Asian varieties. A final yield of 0.01-0.15% of the dry weight of the leaves of Nigerian variety, as against yield of up to 0.2% reported for Malayan plants were recorded.…”

Section: Carpainementioning

confidence: 97%

Papaya /

Ram¹

2009

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Preface (vit) 1. Introduction 2. Origin and history 4 3. Botany and classification-species and their relationship 6 4. Genetic resources and their conservation 19 5. Genetics and cytogenetics 24 6. Breeding for improvement 37 7. Varieties of papaya 8. Propagation, tissue culture and biotechnology 9. Soil with special reference to pH 76 10. Climate 78 11. Production technology 81 12. Parthenocarpy and unfruitfulness in papaya 13. Ripening, harvesting and yield 14. Grading, packing and storing 15. Marketing in India, ASEAN and Hawaii 16. Diseases 17. Pests and their control 18. Post-harvest physiological disorders 19. Constraints in papaya production 20. Seed production, storage and germination 21. Use of plant growth regulators in papaya 22. Papain production 23. Natural compounds in papaya 153 24. Papaya utilization and products of papaya 25. Economics of cultivation 26. Bibliography 168 27. Terminology 181 28. Subject-index 186 0-' ' Moisture 89.6% Vitamin A 2020 iu/100 g Protein 0.5% Vitamin B2 0.04 mg/100 g Fat 0.1% Vitamin C 40 mg/100 g Carbohydrate 9.5% Nicotinic acid 0.2 mg/100 g Calcium 0.01% Riboflavin 250 mg/100 g Phosphorus 0.01% Calorific value 40/100g Iron 0.4% Source: Health Bulletin. 23 1991.

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The basic constituents of the leaves of Carica papaya

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Extraction and Quantification of Carpaine from Carica papaya Leaves of Vietnam

Extraction and Quantification of Carpaine from Carica papaya Leaves of Vietnam

The Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Alkaloids from Papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Eksotika) Leaves

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