The Baltic Ice Lake in south Finland and its outlets

Glückert, G.

doi:10.1016/1040-6182(94)00059-e

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…, 2000; Muir‐Wood, 2000). The glacio‐isostatic land‐uplift rate in the study area was about 10 times higher (∼4·5 cm a −1 ) immediately after the deglaciation than that continuing today (Glückert, 1976, 1995). It is plausible also that the seismic activity resulting from the release of bedrock stress was more intense in the area just after the deglaciation than later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Late‐glacial and post‐glacial deposition in a large, low relief, epicontinental basin: the northern Baltic Sea

Virtasalo¹,

Kotilainen

Räsänen³

et al. 2007

Sedimentology

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This paper presents a model of late‐glacial and post‐glacial deposition for the late‐Neogene sedimentary succession of the Archipelago Sea in the northern Baltic Sea. Four genetically related facies associations are described: (i) an ice‐proximal, acoustically stratified draped unit of glaciolacustrine rhythmites; (ii) an onlapping basin‐fill unit of rotated rhythmite clasts in an acoustically transparent to chaotic matrix interpreted as debris‐flow deposits; (iii) an ice‐distal, acoustically stratified to transparent, draped unit of post‐glacial lacustrine, weakly laminated to homogeneous deposits; and (iv) an acoustically stratified to transparent unit of brackish‐water, organic‐rich sediment drifts. The debris‐flow deposits of the unit 2 pass laterally into slide scars that truncate the unit 1; they are interpreted to result from a time interval of intense seismic activity due to bedrock stress release shortly after deglaciation of the area. Ice‐berg scouring and gravitational failure of oversteepened depositional slopes may also have contributed to the debris‐flow deposition. Comparisons to other late‐Neogene glaciated basins, such as the Hudson Bay or glacial lakes formed along the Laurentide ice sheet, suggest that the Archipelago Sea succession may record development typical for the deglaciation phase of large, low relief, epicontinental basins. The Carboniferous–Permian glacigenic Dwyka Formation in South Africa may provide an ancient analogue for the studied succession. Chronological control for the studied sediments is provided by the independent palaeomagnetic and AMS‐14C dating methods. In order to facilitate dating of the organic‐poor early post‐glacial deposits of the northern Baltic Sea, the 10 000 year long Lake Nautajärvi palaeomagnetic reference chronology (Ojala & Saarinen, 2002) is extended by 1200 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The associated 25 m drop in the water level marked the beginning of the Yoldia Sea phase. The Yoldia Sea was strongly regressive due to the extremely rapid glacio‐isostatic land uplift; its highest shoreline lies at ca 120 m above the present sea‐level (Glückert, 1976, 1995).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late‐glacial and post‐glacial deposition in a large, low relief, epicontinental basin: the northern Baltic Sea

Virtasalo¹,

Kotilainen

Räsänen³

et al. 2007

Sedimentology

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“…In previous publications, two phases of the BIL stage were concluded (e.g. Donner 1982;Synge 1982;Glückert 1995;Björck 1995). Both phases were separated by a low-stand event, the rst drainage of BIL at Mt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The sandy layer S bc is less distinct than S cd . The latter is therefore proposed to re ect the Yoldia regression, as described by Glückert (1995) and Björck (1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regressions and transgressions of the Baltic basin reflected by a new high‐resolution deglacial and postglacial lithostratigraphy for Arkona Basin sediments (western Baltic Sea)

Moros¹,

Lemke²,

Kuijpers³

et al. 2002

Boreas

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2002 (June): Regressions and transgression s of the Baltic basin re ected by a new high-resolutio n deglacia l and postglacia l lithostratigraphy for Arkona Basin sediments (western Baltic Sea). Boreas, Vol. 31, pp. 151-162. Oslo. ISSN 0300-9483.Seismoacoustic pro les from the Arkona Basin show a late Pleistocene and Holocene successio n of several distinct re ectors. The physical , sedimentological , mineralogical and geochemica l propertie s of more than 30 sediment cores were analysed in order to assign these re ectors to speci c sedimentar y discontinuit y layers. Additionally , AMS 14 C data and biostratigraphi c information were gathered . Based on this multi-proxy approach, seven lithostratigraphi c units (AI, AII, B to F) were distinguished . These consist of ne-grained clay, silt and mud, and are separate d from each other by thin basin-wide traceable sandy layers (S ab -S ef ). The most sensitive parameter to mark the lithostratigraphi c boundarie s is the weight percentag e of the grain-siz e fraction >63 mm. In addition, some of the quartz-grain-dominate d sandy layers cause the strong re ection lines recorded in seismoacousti c pro les. The sandy layers are interpreted to re ect enhanced hydrodynami c energy induced by episodes of basin-wide water-level low-stand conditions. These low stands resulted from waterlevel drops that occurred frequentl y during the Baltic Sea's history and presumably affected the entire Baltic basin. The thick ne-graine d units AI, AII to F, in which coarser material is absent, represen t water-level high-stands . We conclude that the units AI and AII are Baltic Ice Lake sediments deposite d before and after the Billingen-1 regression , respectively . We assign the most prominent sandy layer S ab to the nal drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake (Billingen-2) , whereas the sandy layers between units B, C, D and E are related to the Yoldia Sea and Ancylus Lake regression s of the Baltic Sea's history. The uppermost ne-grained unit F with its high organic carbon content contains marine sediments deposite d after the Littorina Transgression . The macroscopicall y well-visible sediment colour change from reddish/brown-to-grey , previousl y interprete d as a regional stratigraphi c boundary, varies from core to core. It has been shown by our new data that this colour change has a diagenetic origin, and thus does not represent a stratigraphi c boundary. Previous subdivision s therefore have to be revised.

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“…BP (Virtasalo et al, 2007). The water level was more than 100 m above the present level during the subsequent glaciolacustrine deposition of rhythmites (Glückert, 1995). Their rhythmic structure reflects the seasonal character of the icesheet melting; the coarser (silt-fine sand) couplet layers are deposited by underflows derived from the ice front, while the finer (clay) couplet layers are deposited by fall-out from the suspension (Sauramo, 1923).…”

Section: Waning Glacial Influence On Depositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phosphorus forms and reactive iron in lateglacial, postglacial and brackish-water sediments of the Archipelago Sea, northern Baltic Sea

Virtasalo

Kotilainen

2008

Marine Geology

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The Baltic Ice Lake in south Finland and its outlets

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Late‐glacial and post‐glacial deposition in a large, low relief, epicontinental basin: the northern Baltic Sea

Late‐glacial and post‐glacial deposition in a large, low relief, epicontinental basin: the northern Baltic Sea

Regressions and transgressions of the Baltic basin reflected by a new high‐resolution deglacial and postglacial lithostratigraphy for Arkona Basin sediments (western Baltic Sea)

Phosphorus forms and reactive iron in lateglacial, postglacial and brackish-water sediments of the Archipelago Sea, northern Baltic Sea

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