The Baffle Length Effects on the Natural Convection in Nanofluid-Filled Square Enclosure with Sinusoidal Temperature

Abstract

The proper process of applying heat to many technological devices is a significant challenge. There are many nanofluids of different sizes used inside the system. The current study combines this potential to improve convection effects, considering numerical simulations of natural convection using Cu/water nanofluids in a square enclosure with bottom blocks embedded in baffles. The enclosure consists of two vertical walls with isothermal boundary conditions; the left wall is the sinusoidal heat source, whereas the right wall is cooled. The investigations dealt with the influences of nanoparticle concentration, Rayleigh number, baffle length, and thermal conductivity ratioon isotherms, stream functions, and average Nusselt number. The results present that, when the Rayleigh number rises, the fluid flow velocity increases, and the heat transfer improves. Furthermore, the baffle length case (Lb = 0.3) provides higher heat transfer characteristics than other baffle height cases.

Numerical investigation of mixed convection of non‐Newtonian fluid in a vented square cavity with fixed baffle

“…The energy equation of baffle 55,56 : $$$\frac{{\partial }^{2}\theta }{\partial {X}^{2}}+\frac{{\partial }^{2}\theta }{\partial {Y}^{2}}\phantom{\rule{}{0ex}}=0.$$$…”

“…The heat transfer rate is reckoned by the Nusselt number, which has the following definition [54][55][56] :…”

“…It was concluded that improvement in buoyancy force led to heat transfer augmentation. Natural convection in an enclosure containing a nanofluid was analyzed under sinusoidal temperature boundary conditions by Al‐Farhany et al 56 The wall on the right side was imposed with a cooling temperature condition whereas, the wall located on the left side was at sinusoidal temperature, while the other walls were insulated. The effects of the Parameters investigated were baffle length, nanoparticle concentration, thermal conductivity, and Ra .…”

Global Well-Posedness and Convergence Results to a 3D Regularized Boussinesq System in Sobolev Spaces

“…Let us mention that starting with a mean free initial temperature, such as sinusoidal initial heating sources, is frequent in natural phenomenons and compulsory in many real word applications; see [19] and the multitude references therein in the case of industrial applications or [20] for applications in medicine and health sciences. In [21,22], authors used the mean free condition to investigate the long time behavior of the solution and to prove an exponential stability result for the periodic 3D Navier-Stokes equations, in critical Sobolev spaces.…”

Effects of fin on mixed convection heat transfer in a vented square cavity: A numerical study

“…When the angle of the baffle was equal to 60, the stream function was at its maximum. As well as examine the impact of sinusoidal temperature AL-Farhany et al [7]. Al-Maliki et al [8] studied experimental free convective in a rectangular container filled with a hybrid nanofluid.…”