The bacterial quality of salad crops drip and furrow irrigated with waste stabilization pond effluent: An evaluation of the who guidelines

Bastos, Rafael Kopschitz Xavier; Mara, D. D.

doi:10.1016/0273-1223(95)00529-v

Cited by 21 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…In spite of the experimental design by blocks, because of practical constraints composite sampling was carried out on the assumptions that contamination would be uniformly distributed among plots receiving the same treatment, and that the highest levels of contamination would be anyway represented in the composite sample (Bastos & Mara 1995). Twelve composite crop samples were then taken during the growing seasons, in subsequent days towards harvesting.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater irrigation of salad crops: further evidence for the evaluation of the WHO guidelines

Bastos

Bevilacqua

Silva

et al. 2008

Water Science and Technology

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This paper presents the results of an experiment on salad crop irrigation with waste stabilisation pond effluents, conducted in Southeast Brazil. Over about 18 months several trials were carried out using different effluent qualities to irrigate lettuce, kale, arugula, spinach, and green pepper. Equations for predicting the bacterial quality of irrigated crops (E.coli per gram) based on the irrigation water quality (E.coli per 100 mL) were derived for low and high growing crops. The quantitative microbial risk analysis (QMRA) technique, using pathogen-ingestion scenarios based on these field data and on official statistics of vegetables consumption in Brazil, was used to estimate infection risks arising from the consumption of wastewater irrigated crops. It is inferred that irrigation with effluents complying with the WHO guidelines for unrestricted irrigation should result in salad crops acceptable for consumption.

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Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater irrigation of salad crops: further evidence for the evaluation of the WHO guidelines

Bastos

Bevilacqua

Silva

et al. 2008

Water Science and Technology

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Approaches to Economic and Environmental Valuation of Domestic Wastewater

Reddy

Khurian

2010

Peri-Urban Water and Sanitation Services

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Wastewater re-use for peri-urban agriculture: a viable option for adaptive water management?

et al. 2012

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Urbanization is known to spur land modification in the form of conversion of common land to human settlements. This factor, combined with climate variability, can alter the duration, frequency and intensity of storm drain overflows in urban areas and lead to public health risks. In peri-urban regions where these risks are especially high it has been argued that, when domestic wastewater is managed, better prospects for freshwater water savings through swaps between urban water supply and irrigated agriculture may be possible. As a consequence of re-use of domestic wastewater, expenditure on inorganic inputs by farmers may decline and source sustainability of water supply could be enhanced. Given the fact that, at present, approximately 20 million ha of land worldwide is being cultivated by re-using domestic wastewater, this paper draws on evidence from India to explore: (1) the economic costs-benefits of wastewater reuse in the context of hypothesized links to climate variability; (2) the role of local farming practices, market conditions and crop variety in influencing wastewater reuse in agriculture; and (3) the role of inter-governmental financing in influencing the selection of technical adaptation options for collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater.

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The bacterial quality of salad crops drip and furrow irrigated with waste stabilization pond effluent: An evaluation of the who guidelines

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Wastewater irrigation of salad crops: further evidence for the evaluation of the WHO guidelines

Wastewater irrigation of salad crops: further evidence for the evaluation of the WHO guidelines

Approaches to Economic and Environmental Valuation of Domestic Wastewater

Wastewater re-use for peri-urban agriculture: a viable option for adaptive water management?

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