The bacterial factor in wood decay

Greaves, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00363116

Cited by 91 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Fungi and bacteria play central roles in terrestrial ecosystems, where they participate in numerous biochemical cycles. Lignocellulolytic substrates, such as wood, that constitute very abundant but very recalcitrant organic compounds and play a central role in the carbon cycle are considered to be degraded mainly by fungi under aerobic conditions (45,76,138,193). This is despite the ubiquitous presence of bacteria on these substrates that may negatively or positively interact with the fungal degraders (389).…”

Section: Roles In Biochemical Cycles and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Frey‐Klett

Burlinson

Deveau

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

718

531

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SUMMARY Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal interactions often result in changes to the pathogenicity or the nutritional influence of one or both partners toward plants or animals (including humans). They can also result in unique contributions to biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological processes. Thus, the interactions between bacteria and fungi are of central importance to numerous biological questions in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, food production, and medicine. Here we present a structured review of bacterial-fungal interactions, illustrated by examples sourced from many diverse scientific fields. We consider the general and specific properties of these interactions, providing a global perspective across this emerging multidisciplinary research area. We show that in many cases, parallels can be drawn between different scenarios in which bacterial-fungal interactions are important. Finally, we discuss how new avenues of investigation may enhance our ability to combat, manipulate, or exploit bacterial-fungal complexes for the economic and practical benefit of humanity as well as reshape our current understanding of bacterial and fungal ecology.

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Section: Roles In Biochemical Cycles and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Frey‐Klett

Burlinson

Deveau

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

718

531

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Neben der u Èber lange Zeitra Èume hohen Holzfeuchte limitierte die Lasur das Sauerstoffangebot, wodurch die Entwicklung von Bakterien gegenu Èber Pilzen begu Ènstigt wird (Greaves 1971). Die ausgedehnte Besiedelung der lasierten Proben durch Bakterien erkla Èrt die stark erho Èhte Wasseraufnahme (Ellwood und Ecklund 1959;Liese und Karnop 1968;Dunleavy und Mcquire 1970).…”

Section: Feuchteverhalten Von Lasierten Probenunclassified

Melaminharzimprägniertes sowie mit Wetterschutzlasur oberflächenbehandeltes und unbehandeltes Vollholz während zweijähriger Freilandbewitterung

Rapp¹,

Peek²

1999

Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff

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Mit Melaminharz impra Ègniertes sowie mit Wetterschutzlasur ober¯a Èchenbehandeltes und unbehandeltes Vollholz aus Kiefern-Splintholz (Pinus sylvestris L.), Fichte (Picea abies L.), Eichen-Kernholz (Quercus robur L.) und Douglasien-Kernholz (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) wurde zwei Jahre im Freiland ohne Erdkontakt bewittert. Die Melaminharzvergu Ètung verzo Ègerte bereits in geringer Konzentration den photochemischen Holzabbau und eine Besiedelung durch holzverfa Èrbende Pilze betra Èchtlich, bewirkte jedoch keinen Schutz vor Riûbildung und keinen Feuchteschutz. Im zweiten Jahr der Bewitterung u Èber-schritten die Proben 25% Holzfeuchte an 9 Tagen (unbehandelte Douglasie), 21 Tagen (unbehandelte Eiche), 88 Tagen (unbehandelte Fichte), 129 bis 160 Tagen (MMFHarz impra Ègnierte Kiefer), 166 Tagen (unbehandelte Kiefer) und 236 Tagen (Kiefer mit Wetterschutzlasur). Bei Proben mit biozidfreier, transparenter Wetterschutzlasur stellte sich nach zweija Èhriger Bewitterung innerhalb von einer Stunde Wasserlagerung eine Holzfeuchte von 130% ein. Die lichtmikroskopische Untersuchung offenbarte im Inneren der lasierten Proben eine ausgedehnte Bakterienbesiedelung, welche fu Èr die erho Èhte Wasseraufnahme und innere Wegsamkeit verantwortlich gemacht wird. Die an zahlreichen Stellen durch Anstrichbla Èue perforierte, jedoch diffusionsbremsende Lasur schuf durch lange Perioden hoher Holzfeuchte Lebensbedingungen fu Èr Bakterien und Moderfa Èule.Melamine resin treated as well as varnish coated and untreated solid wood during two years of natural weathering Samples of solid wood, impregnated with melamine resin or coated with varnish, as well as untreated Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), English oak heartwood (Quercus robur L.) and Douglas ®r heartwood (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco.) were exposed to natural weathering without ground contact for two years. The melamine resin even in low concentrations provided distinctive protection against photochemical wood degradation by weathering and infestation by wood staining fungi, but did not protect against cracking and high moisture content. In the second year of natural weathering the samples exceeded 25% moisture content on 9 days (untreated Douglas ®r), 21 days (untreated oak), 88 days (untreated spruce), 129 to 160 days (pine impregnated with MF resin), 166 days (untreated pine) and 236 days (pine with varnish). After two years of weathering, the samples treated with biocide-free, transparent varnish gained a moisture content of 130% within 1 hour of¯oating in water. Light microscopy revealed extensive bacterial colonisation in the interior of the varnished samples which is made responsible for the increased water adsorption. The varnish, which was perforated in numerous places by blue stain but nevertheless still restricted diffusion, induced long-lasting periods of high moisture content. Thus the conditions necessary for the growth of bacteria and soft rot were provided and the risk of decay increased by the damaged coating.

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“…Meanwhile, bacteria passed from cell to cell via the pits easily and caused a certain amount of degradation, which increased the damages in bordered pits. Greaves (1969Greaves ( , 1971) reported a preferential breakdown of the middle lamella region and subsequent separation of tracheids and fibers occurred in bacteria-attacked wood. Similar results were observed as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Bacterium In Wetwood and Microbial Degradationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…3b, arrow c) and the wall of ray parenchyma cells was partially degraded by bacterial attacks. Greaves (1969Greaves ( , 1971 pointed out that the three major types of damages in bordered pits can be produced by bacteria. The first type occurs when the bacteria invade cells and randomly scatter over the borders, both outside and inside of the pit chamber.…”

Section: Bacterium In Wetwood and Microbial Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirated pits in wetwood and micromorphology of microbial degradation in subalpine fir

Zhang

Cai

2006

Front. Forest. China

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Differentiating from normal wood, pit membranes in wetwood of subalpine fir contain bacteria of water drop shape or orbicular shape, and flaky shape, as observed using Scanning Electronic Microscope. Not only are ray parenchyma cells in wetwood partially degraded but also margo strands in pit membranes are somewhat degraded by bacterial activities. Most of the bordered-pit membranes in normal wood are unaspirated in green conditions and the proportions of aspirated pits in earlywood and latewood account for only 6.8% and 13.4%, respectively. Nevertheless, most of the bordered-pit membranes in wetwood are aspirated in green conditions and the proportions of aspirated pits account for 77.7% and 72.1%, respectively. The problem of hard-to-dry for subalpine fir could be reasoned from the considerable amount of aspirated pit membranes in wetwood.

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The bacterial factor in wood decay

Cited by 91 publications

References 15 publications

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Melaminharzimprägniertes sowie mit Wetterschutzlasur oberflächenbehandeltes und unbehandeltes Vollholz während zweijähriger Freilandbewitterung

Aspirated pits in wetwood and micromorphology of microbial degradation in subalpine fir

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