The Bacterial Etiology of Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis

A Case of Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis and Portal Venous Gas Accompanied by Emphysematous Pyelonephritis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…That is, the alveolar air is eventually absorbed into the intestinal wall because of the alveolar rupture that occurs due to chronic cough [14]. The second theory is bacterial; PCI occurs when gas-forming bacteria, including anaerobic ones, invade the intestinal wall [15,16]. The third theory is biochemical; when ingested foods are fermented by normal intestinal flora, the intestinal gas pressure is elevated, and PCI occurs when that gas enters the intestinal wall [17].…”

Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis in Patients with Antinuclear Antibody Negative Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Dermatomyositis: Report of Two Cases

“…PCI may also result from the escape of intraluminal gas secondary to the loss of mucosal integrity (8). According to the bac- terial hypothesis, increased fermentation by gas-forming bacteria and the subsequent production of a large volume of gas predispose an individual to developing PCI (9). In rare occasions, collagen vascular disease can cause PCI.…”

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis Associated with Duodenal Ulcer and Pyloric Stenosis: Report of Two Cases

“…In these cases, it was suggested that PCI may result from intraluminal bacterial gas entering the bowel wall due to the increased mucosal permeability which is caused by defects in bowel wall lymphoid tissue [7]. This 'bacterial theory' is supported by the observation that a decomposition of the cysts was achieved by metronidazole treatment in some cases [8] and by the fact that PCI does not occur in germ-free rats [9]. On the other hand, cultures of the cysts are consistently sterile, and cyst rupture does not produce acute bacterial peritonitis, which is contradictory to the 'bacterial theory'.…”