The Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane

The Preparation and Characterization of Cell Walls and the Preparation of Flagella of Vibrio fetus

“…In view of the presence of the bar-like array at the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane of Vibrio fetus, possibly comprising part of the membrane, it becomes of some interest to consider the localization of the cytochromes and other components, including enzymes, reportedly present in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria (Hughes, 1962;Mitchell, 1959;Keeler & Gray, 1960;Keeler et al 1958). The bar-like array might be involved in terminal oxidation and electron transport where the functional entities associated with these activities, including the cytochromes, might be architecturally oriented therein, Such an arrangement might account for the presence of cytochromes in membrane preparations.…”

“…Flagellar material is also antigenic. Hunt, Rodgers & Hughes (1959) and Hughes (1962) reported that wall material prepared by using the Hughes press contained cytoplasmic membrane as well as cell wall. This is certainly the case for Vibrio fetus.…”

Tellurium as a valuable tool for studying the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria

“…Accumulating evidences from biochemical, genetic and morphological studies of prokaryotes in that chronological order have indicated essential similarities of the bacterial cell to the cell of higher organisms (Mudd, 1953). Besides, it has long been known that microorganisms posses respiratory enzyme systems comparable to those present in eukaryotes (van Iterson and Leene, 1964) and that the bacterial plasma membrane is the main site of those enzymes as equivalent to the eukaryotic "cristae mitochondriales" (Hughes, 1962;van Iterson and Leene, 1964).…”

Penicillins and Cephalosporins

“…For comprehensive discussions the reader is referred to a series of volumes edited by GuNSALUS andSTANIER (1960-1964). Other pertinent references may be cited (PoLLOCK and RICHMOND, 1965;PERKINS, 1963;SALTON, 1962;HUGHES, 1962). Very briefly stated, it can be said the bacterial cell consists of an outer layer called the cell wall (other material may be found on the outer surface of the cell wall, e.g.…”

“…Many other enzymes occur in the membrane or particles closely associated with it. For a helpful discussion, the reader is referred to the paper by HUGHES (1962).…”