The baboon as a primate model for the study of endometrium

Endometrial and cervical polyps in 22 baboons (Papio sp.), 5 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and one marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

“…Menstrual cycle data was available for 19 of the baboons with endometrial polyps. The average menstrual cycle length was 29.8 ± 3 days and was shorter than reported cycle lengths in the literature (32 days, t = )17.97, P < 0.0001) [10] and our own colony data (35.7 ± 1.2 days, t = )7.75, P < 0.0001) [15]. Endometriosis was present in six baboons (28.6%) and adenomyosis in four baboons (19.1%); two baboons (9.5%) had endometriosis and adenomyosis.…”

“…is an excellent model for research in reproduction, the endometrium, endometriosis, and early pregnancy [9, 12, 20]. The baboon’s large size is advantageous for repeated blood analysis and surgeries, the menstrual cycle is easy to monitor by observing changes in the sex skin, and the cervical canal allows easy access to the endometrium [6, 10, 20]. The baboon’s endometrium progresses through changes similar to human endometrium during the menstrual cycle [10].…”

“…The baboon’s large size is advantageous for repeated blood analysis and surgeries, the menstrual cycle is easy to monitor by observing changes in the sex skin, and the cervical canal allows easy access to the endometrium [6, 10, 20]. The baboon’s endometrium progresses through changes similar to human endometrium during the menstrual cycle [10]. Although endometrial and cervical polyps have been reported in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques [3, 16], to the best of our knowledge, there is only one published report of endometrial polyps in a baboon [4] and none in marmosets.…”

Light microscopy of the endometrium of the dusky leaf-monkey (Presbytis obscura)

“…In duration the menstrual cycle of the langur would appear more comparable with the 27-28-day cycle of the macaque (Corner, 1923;Hartman, 1932), than with the 32-33-day cycle of the baboon (Hendrickx & Kraemer, 1971;Dollar, Hand, Beck & Boots, 1979).…”

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Medical and surgical management of reproductive neoplasia in two western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

“…Old‐world primates have similar endometrial physiology and histology to that of humans [9, 15]. The monthly menstrual cycle of endometrial growth and menstrual shedding has been described in many old‐world monkey species and great apes and is unique among mammals [3, 9].…”