The Aversive Lens: Stress effects on the prefrontal-cingulate cortical pathways that regulate emotion

Mind body medicine: a modern bio-psycho-social model forty-five years after Engel

“…But the differentiated BA25 may hold the key to this confusion. BA25 is the major mPFC output area to the subcortical structures involved in aversive threat response [ 74 ]. This area is differentiated into a caudodorsal portion that responds to aversive stimuli with stress response sympathetic activation and a rostroventral portion that along with BA14 (OFC) is stimulated by appetitive signals [ 75 ].…”

“…This area is differentiated into a caudodorsal portion that responds to aversive stimuli with stress response sympathetic activation and a rostroventral portion that along with BA14 (OFC) is stimulated by appetitive signals [ 75 ]. The subgenual ACC is overseen by the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC- BA9, 46) and the frontopolar cortex (BA10) and BA32, which has rostroventral as well as dorsocaudal ACC zones [ 74 , 76 ]. These areas, which may serve as the reservoirs of our stress resilience, dampen BA25’s AMYG A effects theoretically reducing stress-related illness vulnerability [ 74 ].…”

“…The subgenual ACC is overseen by the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC- BA9, 46) and the frontopolar cortex (BA10) and BA32, which has rostroventral as well as dorsocaudal ACC zones [ 74 , 76 ]. These areas, which may serve as the reservoirs of our stress resilience, dampen BA25’s AMYG A effects theoretically reducing stress-related illness vulnerability [ 74 ].…”

“…Nevertheless, we may surmise that mind body interventions (MBIs) that include cognitive skills training might diminish NCD risk by modulating the intensity of cognitive reappraisal demands through effects on areas jointly involved in emotion and inflammatory regulation like the dlPFC, and parts of the mPFC, particularly the dACC (MCC), and the amygdala [ 71 , 74 ].…”

“…Learning is supported in such a milieu and mPFC-ACC decision-making is enhanced. In the dlPFC, levels of both DA and NE will promote an inverted U-shaped curve response in terms of working memory function and in terms of dlPFC’s capacity to contribute to emotion regulation through effects on subgenual Brodmann area (BA) 25 in the ACC [ 74 ].…”