The attachment of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> cercariae to human skin cells

Khammo, N.; Bartlett, A.; Clothier, Richard H.; Whitfield, P. J.

doi:10.1017/s003118200100885x

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Histologically, there are pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the epidermis, dermal granulomatous reaction (histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and giant cells) and sometimes Splendore‐Hoeppli reaction around the Schistosoma eggs. The cellular composition of these lesions depends on the age of the granuloma (cellular, fibrocellular and fibrotic granulomas) 54–57 …”

Section: Mucocutaneous Infections Associated With Splendore‐hoeppli Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucocutaneous Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon

2008

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Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon (asteroid bodies) is the in vivo formation of intensely eosinophilic material (radiate, star-like, asteroid or club-shaped configurations) around microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and parasites) or biologically inert substances. This study presents a literature review concerning Splendore-Hoeppli reaction in the mucocutaneous diseases. It examines the histopathological features, nature and differential diagnosis of this reaction. It also discusses the mucocutaneous infections and the non-infective diseases associated with it. Available studies indicate that several mucocutaneous infections can generate Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. The fungal infections include sporotrichosis, pityrosporum folliculitis, zygomycosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis and blastomycosis. The bacterial infections include botryomycosis, nocardiosis and actinomycosis. The parasitic conditions include orbital pythiosis, strongyloidiasis, schistosomiasis and cutaneous larva migrans. In addition, Splendore-Hoeppli reaction may be seen with non-infective pathology such as hypereosinophilic syndrome and allergic conjunctival granulomas. The Splendore-Hoeppli reaction material comprises antigen-antibody complex, tissue debris and fibrin. Although the exact nature of this reaction is unknown, it is thought to be a localized immunological response to an antigen-antibody precipitate related to fungi, parasites, bacteria or inert materials. The characteristic formation of the peribacterial or perifungal Splendore-Hoeppli reaction probably prevents phagocytosis and intracellular killing of the insulting agent leading to chronicity of infection. To conclude, Splendore-Hoeppli reaction is a tell tale of a spectrum of infections and reactive conditions. The molecular pathways involved in the development of this reaction are open for future investigations.

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Section: Mucocutaneous Infections Associated With Splendore‐hoeppli Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucocutaneous Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon

2008

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“…The life-cycle of Schistosoma mansoni was maintained in NMRI strain mice and Biomphalaria glabrata as previously described (Khammo et al 2002). Tap water used with snails and cercariae was filtered to remove heavy metals and chlorine (Carbon-resin filter, Prosep Filter Systems Ltd).…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultures of human keratinocytes were differentiated for 14 days on Cellogen TM (ICN Biochemicals Inc) cross-linked collagen cell support membranes (Khammo et al 2002).…”

Section: Keratinocyte Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed tail loss during the invasion of human skin by schistosome cercariae

et al. 2003

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Schistosomiasis is initiated when cercarial larvae invade human skin. Contrary to long-held assumptions, most cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni do not shed their propulsive tails as they penetrate. Scanning electron microscopy studies and infection experiments with entire human skin and differentiated, stratum corneum-like, human keratinocyte cultures, have shown that most cercarial tails enter the skin along with their bodies. We propose that this behaviour is an adaptive trait linked with concomitant immunity.

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“…After penetration of the epidermal layer, the larvae are guided to the vasculature in the dermis via biochemical cues (Haas, 2003). The research group of Bartlett et al (2000), Khammo et al (2002) and Whitfield et al (2003a) first applied Franz static one-chamber cell cultures and 3-dimensional skin equivalent and revealed a helminth infective larva in the dermis beneath the basement membrane within 10 min of exposure to infective larvae. However, detailed quantitative analysis of helminth penetration in skin equivalents of different complexity and applying two differing helminth species to test specific skin functions have not been performed yet, and thus, an ideal alternative to animal testing or excised human skin needs to be identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of three-dimensional skin equivalents for the investigation of percutaneous worm invasion

Jannasch

Groeber

Brattig

et al. 2015

Experimental Parasitology

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Investigation of percutaneous helminth infection is generally based on animal models or excised skin. As desirable replacement of animal experiments, tissue-engineered skin equivalents have recently been applied in microbial and viral in vitro infection models. In the present study, the applicability of tissue-engineered skin equivalents for the investigation of percutaneous helminth invasion was evaluated. Epidermal and a full-thickness skin equivalents that suit the requirements for helminth invasion studies were developed. Quantitative invasion assays were performed with the skin-invading larvae of the helminths Strongyloides ratti and Schistosoma mansoni. Both skin equivalents provided a physical barrier to larval invasion of the nematode S. ratti, while these larvae could invade and permeate a cell-free collagen scaffold and ex vivo epidermis. In contrast, the epidermal and full-thickness skin equivalents exhibited a human host-specific susceptibility to larvae of trematode S. mansoni, which could well penetrate. Invasion of S. mansoni in cell-free collagen scaffold was lowest for all experimental conditions. Thus, reconstructed epidermis and full-thickness skin equivalents confirmed a high degree of accordance to native tissue. Additionally, not only tailless schistosomula but also cercariae could permeate the skin equivalents, and thus, delayed tail loss hypothesis was supported. The present study indicates that the limitations in predictive infection test systems for human-pathogenic invading helminths can be overcome by tissue-engineered in vitro skin equivalents allowing a substitution of the human skin for analysis of the interaction between parasites and their hosts' tissues. This novel tissue-engineered technology accomplishes the endeavor to save animal lives.

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The attachment of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae to human skin cells

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Mucocutaneous Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon

Mucocutaneous Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon

Delayed tail loss during the invasion of human skin by schistosome cercariae

Development and application of three-dimensional skin equivalents for the investigation of percutaneous worm invasion

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