The atp operon: nucleotide sequence of the genes for the γ, β, and ε subunits of Escherichia coli ATP synthase

Abstract

The nucleotide sequence of the promoter distal region of the atp (or unc) operon of Escherichia coli has been determined. It encodes the gamma, beta and epsilon subunits of the ATP-synthase complex and includes a noncoding sequence in which transcription of the operon probably terminates. This work completes the nucleotide sequence of the operon which contains nine genes: eight encode structural proteins of the ATP-synthase complex; a ninth, the first in the operon, may be a pilot for assembly. The genes for the alpha and beta subunits have evolved from a common ancestor.

The proton conducting F0-part of bacterial ATP synthases

“…Accord- [8,10] and analyzed by SDSjpolyacrylamide gel eleetrophoresis. The order of the genes in the une operon and the eorrelation of genes with A TP-synthase subunits was established genetieally and by nucleotide sequenee analysis [1,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The numbers below the genes indieate the number of amino acid residues in the subunit polypeptide.…”

“…The whole ATP synthase contains, in addition, the five F I subunits IX, ß, y, 8 and E. These eight subunit polypeptides are coded for by the eight genes that form the alp (une) operon (see section IV). The alp operon has been weIl defined geneticaIly, especially by Downie, et al [1,12], and by Von Meyenburg and co-workers [13], and its nucleotide sequence has been determined [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Therefore, the subunit composition of the ATP synthase and F o from E. eoli is proven.…”

“…The genes of F o preceding the F 1 genes are transcribed in the order a, e, b. The nucleotide sequence has been determined [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and the sequence has been determined [81][82][83][84]. In yeast, subunit e (proteolipid subunit 9) is encoded on mitochondrial ONA [85], in other organisms in the nucleus [82][83][84][85][86].…”

“…Ascorbate, a water-soluble agent, did not reduce the signal-generating nitroxide group. From spin-spin interactions between the NCCD moleeules bound to the protein, it was suggested that the pro teins exist in a polymerie form, in whieh some of the monomers are loeated at a maximal distance of [15][16][17][18][19][20] A from each other.…”

Subunit equivalence in Escherichia coli and bovine heart mitochondrial F1F0 ATPases

“…The sequence analysis of E.coli 8 and e [21][22][23][24] and of parts of bovine oscp [25] have been described. Bovine ~ (150 nmol) was reacted with a 50-fold molar excess of succinic anhydride as in [26].…”