The associations of coffee consumption, coffee types, and caffeine metabolites with periodontitis: Results from NHANES 2009–2014

Abstract

BackgroundCoffee is one of the world's most popular beverages and is the main dietary source of caffeine for most people. The various molecular effects of caffeine suggest that it may enhance bone loss. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of coffee, coffee types, and caffeine metabolites with periodontitis.MethodsData were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014. Total coffee and different types of coffee consumption were acquired through a 24‐h dietary recall. Urinary caffeine metabolites were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC‒ESI‒MS/MS). The association of coffee, coffee types, and caffeine metabolites with periodontitis and its severity were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 3309 eligible participants were included. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, a positive association was observed between coffee consumption (particularly certain types of coffee) and periodontitis. Notably, a positive correlation was also found between total coffee intake and the severity of periodontitis. Additionally, for urinary caffeine metabolites, there was a significant positive association between 1‐methyluric acid (1‐MU), 1,3‐dimethyluric acid (1,3‐DMU), 3,7‐dimethyluric acid (3,7‐DMU), 1,7‐dimethylxanthine (1,7‐DMX), or 5‐actlyamino‐6‐amino‐3‐methyluracil (AAMU) and periodontitis, with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 1.10 (1.02, 1.19), 1.86 (1.05, 3.29), 0.94 (0.90, 0.98), 1.29 (1.03, 1.62), and 1.15 (1.05, 1.26), respectively.ConclusionsThe present study suggests a positive association of coffee intake (especially certain coffee types) and caffeine metabolites (1‐MU, 1,3‐DMU, 3,7‐DMU, 1,7‐DMX, and AAMU) with periodontitis and its severity.

Instituto de pesquisa café e saúde: Prevenção de doenças e melhora da qualidade de vida

“…O consumo de café está associado a uma menor incidência de doenças periodontais (Q. Chen et al, 2023;Machida et al, 2014), assim como a uma melhoria do perfil da flora microbiológica oral (Meckelburg et al, 2014) e a uma diminuição da adesividade de Estafiloccocus (Song et al, 2018), embora a cafeína possa comprometer o processo reparador do osso alveolar depois de uma extração dentária (Daglia et al, 2002;Macedo et al, 2015). Um dos mais promissores benefícios para a saúde decorrentes do consumo regular de café está associado a doenças do cérebro, que representam atualmente o maior custo socioeconômico relacionado à saúde humana nos países ocidentais (Andlin-Sobocki et al, 2005;DiLuca & Olesen, 2014).…”

Association of individual and combined exposures of 10 metals with periodontitis: Results from a large population‐based study

“…Numerous systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, have been reported to exhibit associations with periodontitis 2,3 . Furthermore, various factors, including dietary habits and lifestyle factors (such as smoking), have been identified as potential risk factors for periodontitis 4–7 . Additionally, exposure to some environmental pollutants has been linked to an increased odds of periodontitis, 8–10 a significant aspect that is often overlooked.…”

“…as potential risk factors for periodontitis. [4][5][6][7] Additionally, exposure to some environmental pollutants has been linked to an increased odds of periodontitis, 8-10 a significant aspect that is often overlooked. Considering the profound impact of oral health on overall well-being, it is imperative to enhance our comprehension of the risk factors associated with periodontitis, thus enabling targeted preventive measures to be implemented.…”