The associations between lead exposure at multiple sensitive life periods and dental caries risks in permanent teeth

Wu, Yue; Jansen, Erica C.; Peterson, Karen E.; Foxman, Betsy; Goodrich, Jaclyn M.; Hu, Howard; Solano-González, Maritsa; Cantoral, Alejandra; Téllez-Rojo, Martha M.; Mier, E. Angeles Martinez

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.190

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The present evidence shows that dental caries, when including enamel caries, could be very prevalent with a prevalence rate of over 80% among most populations aged 12-15 years, as was our population (55)(56)(57). The reason for a high prevalence rate could be insufficient awareness of initial caries in most adolescents, their guardians and even clinical dentists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Enamel and Dentin Caries Risk Factors of Adolescents in the Context of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for enamel and dentin caries in adolescents. Method: This 1-year longitudinal study was conducted in 2018 and 2019; 13-to 14-year-old adolescents were recruited. The merged International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) was used to identify caries. The relationships between the caries increment and variables were analyzed with a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model. Results: A total of 1,016 participants completed the assessment. The ZINB analysis found that individuals with caries at baseline were more likely to develop new dentin caries. Females, or individuals who had a high cariostat score had an increased likelihood of having a high D4-6MFT score. Among the caries-free adolescents at baseline, females, or individuals who consumed snacks once or more than once a day were more likely to develop caries. Individuals from one-child families, who used fluoride toothpaste, and who had a high saliva buffering capability (pH≥4.25) had an increased likelihood of a low D1-6MFT score. Conclusion: The results suggest that there are some specific risk factors of initiating of enamel caries in adolescents, including the frequency of snack consumption, sex, saliva buffering capability, fluoride toothpaste usage and belonging to a one-child family. In all adolescents, most of whom have enamel caries, the dentin caries risk factors were past caries experience, cariostat score and sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Enamel and Dentin Caries Risk Factors of Adolescents in the Context of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2020

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“…Details of the cohort have been reported elsewhere [Perng et al, 2019]. During 2015-2016, a sample of 550 children and adolescents were assessed in the ABC Hospital research center as a part of a dental study [Wu et al, 2019]. We excluded from this analysis participants younger than 12 years who had mostly primary teeth, as well as participants who refused the oral examination, resulting in a final analytical sample of 402 participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Dietary Fluoride Intake and Diet Variables with Dental Caries in Adolescents from the ELEMENT Cohort Study

et al. 2021

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To examine the association of dietary fluoride intake, total carbohydrate consumption and other key dietary variables with dental caries experience among adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a sample of 402 participants from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants cohort. The presence and severity of dental caries were assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to calculate the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces (D1MFT/D4MFT). The dietary intake of fluoride, energy, carbohydrates, and food groups was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and negative binomial regression models were run to estimate the association of fluoride intake (mg/day) and total carbohydrate intake (g/day) with the D1MFT/D4MFT index. We found that 80% of the adolescents experienced dental caries (D1MFT >0), with 30% presenting cavitated lesions (D4MFT >0). The mean scores for D1MFT and D4MFT were 6.2 (SD 5.3) and 0.67 (SD 1.3), respectively. The median intake of fluoride estimated by the FFQ was 0.015 mg/kg/day. This intake was statistically higher in participants with a D4MFT = 0 compared to those with a D4MFT >0 (0.90 vs. 0.82 mg/day; 0.016 vs. 0.014 mg/kg/day; <i>p</i> < 0.05). For D1MFT, D1MFS, D4MFT, and D4MFS scores, a higher fluoride consumption (mg/day) from foods and beverages was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the number of lesions. The reported frequency of consumption of sugary foods in a whole day was statistically higher in those with D1MFT >0 than in those with D1MFT = 0 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The total carbohydrate intake (g/day) was positively associated with dental caries experience. We conclude that a higher fluoride intake through foods and beverages is associated with a lower dental caries experience among adolescents; this effect was seen even when the dietary intake of fluoride was 0.015 mg/kg/day, which is lower than the average intake recommendation. In contrast, a higher total carbohydrate intake and the frequency of intake of sugary foods were associated with a higher dental caries experience, with no apparent threshold for the effects.

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“…Analysis has been conducted regarding this population's prenatal exposure to lead and will be reported in another publication. 11 ICDAS development and approach to caries detection and assessment has been explained in detail elsewhere. 21 Each carious lesion was classified based on depth of the lesion within the tooth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 However, in 2004, Gomes et al also found no link between lead concentrations and DMF count of 329 preschool children. 11 Both Youravong et al in 2006 and Ceni c-Milosevi c et al in 2013 found positive associations with lead exposure and high DMF counts. 12,13 There are several hypotheses as to how lead may affect dental caries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Blood levels of lead and dental caries in permanent teeth

Yepes

McCormick-Norris

Vinson

et al. 2020

J Public Health Dent

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between lead exposure within the ages of 1-4 years and dental caries in the permanent dentition between ages 9-17 among Mexican youth. Methods: Data were collected for the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort from a group of 490 children born and reared in Mexico City. Among ages 1-4 years, blood lead levels were measured in micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (μg/dL) and the presence of caries in adolescence was determined using the International Caries and Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The relationship between blood levels of lead and decayed, missing, or filled surfaces (DMFS) was examined using negative binomial regression. Covariates were selected based on previous studies and included age, gender, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene, body mass index, and diet. The nonlinear relationship between lead and DMFS was examined using smoothing splines. Results: The mean overall blood lead level (BLL) was 4.83 μg/dL (S.D. of 2.2). The mean overall caries level (DMFS) was 4.1. No statistically significant association was found between early childhood blood lead levels and dental caries in adolescence. Conclusion: This study shows a lack of association between exposure to lead between the ages of 1-4 years of age and dental caries in permanent dentition later in life. Other covariates, such as age and sugar consumption, appeared to play a more prominent role in caries development.

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The associations between lead exposure at multiple sensitive life periods and dental caries risks in permanent teeth

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Enamel and Dentin Caries Risk Factors of Adolescents in the Context of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A Longitudinal Study

Enamel and Dentin Caries Risk Factors of Adolescents in the Context of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A Longitudinal Study

Association of Dietary Fluoride Intake and Diet Variables with Dental Caries in Adolescents from the ELEMENT Cohort Study

Blood levels of lead and dental caries in permanent teeth

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