Enamel and Dentin Caries Risk Factors of Adolescents in the Context of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A Longitudinal Study

Wang, Ketian; Pang, Liangyue; Fan, Cancan; Cui, Tianqiang; Yu, Lan; Lin, Huancai

doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00419

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The intake of beverages and foods containing simple carbohydrates is not recommended between meals [ 38 ], and several studies asserted that snack intake between meals, carried out one or more times a day, increased the risk of dental caries [ 39 ]. The excess energy intake associated with free sugars can determine dental caries, as well as excess body weight, leading to an increased likelihood of overweight and obesity [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cariogenic Risk and COVID-19 Lockdown in a Paediatric Population

Docimo

Costacurta

Gualtieri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 disease COVID-19 pandemic caused several lifestyle changes, especially among younger people. The study aimed to describe the impact of eating habits, lifestyle, and home oral hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic, on the cariogenic risk in the Italian paediatric population, by using an online survey. The survey was conducted through a virtual questionnaire divided into four parts: child personal and anthropometric data; oral health; child dietary habits (KIDMED test); and child lifestyle, before and during COVID-19 lockdown. During the lockdown, only 18.6% of the participants had high adherence to a Mediterranean diet, recording an increase in sweets consumption and the number of meals (p < 0.001). In terms of lifestyle, the percentage of moderately and vigorously active children decreased (41.4% and 5.0%, respectively) (p = 0.014). The percentage of children sleeping more than 9 h increased (p < 0.001). They watched more television programs (p < 0.001). Regarding oral hygiene, children did not change their brushing habits (p = 0.225). The percentage of children using non-fluoridated toothpaste was higher (6.4%), and no changes were observed (p > 0.05). In some cases, dental pain and abscesses were declared (10% and 2.7%, respectively). This study confirms the need for campaigns to promote hygiene and dental care in combination with food education for a correct habit and promotion of a healthy and sustainable dietary style.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cariogenic Risk and COVID-19 Lockdown in a Paediatric Population

Docimo

Costacurta

Gualtieri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…One milliliter of saliva was added to 3 ml of 3.3 mmol HCl within 5 min after collection and then allowed to stand for 20 mins. The final pH of the saliva was evaluated by an electrical pH meter ( Wang et al, 2020b ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caries-related pathway genes, such as those involved in enamel formation, immune responses, saliva secretion, and taste, were identified based on the pathogenesis of caries. The tag SNPs were screened as described in our previous study ( Wang et al, 2020b ). Thus, 23 target SNPs were detected in all study participants ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Model for Caries Risk Prediction in Teenagers Using a Machine Learning Algorithm Based on Environmental and Genetic Factors

et al. 2021

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Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that can be caused by interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite the availability of caries risk assessment tools, caries risk prediction models incorporating new factors, such as human genetic markers, have not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to construct a new model for caries risk prediction in teenagers, based on environmental and genetic factors, using a machine learning algorithm. We performed a prospective longitudinal study of 1,055 teenagers (710 teenagers for cohort 1 and 345 teenagers for cohort 2) aged 13 years, of whom 953 (633 teenagers for cohort 1 and 320 teenagers for cohort 2) were followed for 21 months. All participants completed an oral health questionnaire, an oral examination, biological (salivary and cariostate) tests, and single nucleotide polymorphism sequencing analysis. We constructed a caries risk prediction model based on these data using a random forest with an AUC of 0.78 in cohort 1 (training cohort). We further verified the discrimination and calibration abilities of this caries risk prediction model using cohort 2. The AUC of the caries risk prediction model in cohort 2 (testing cohort) was 0.73, indicating high discrimination ability. Risk stratification revealed that our caries risk prediction model could accurately identify individuals at high and very high caries risk but underestimated risks for individuals at low and very low caries risk. Thus, our caries risk prediction model has the potential for use as a powerful community-level tool to identify individuals at high caries risk.

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“…The outcome of the present analysis is caries increment. This was de ned as the sum of tooth surfaces that had an ICDAS code of 0 (sound tooth surface: no evidence of caries after air drying for 5 seconds) at baseline and had any ICDAS codes from 1 to 6 at 2-year follow up (1= rst visual change in enamel, opacity or discoloration, white or brown, visible at the entrance to the pit or ssure after prolonged air drying; 2= distinct visual change in enamel when wet or dry; 3 = localized enamel breakdown without clinical visual signs of dentinal involvement; 4 = underlying dark shadow from dentine; 5= distinct cavity with visible dentine; 6 = extensive cavity with visible dentine) in both deciduous and permanent dentitions [27]. Caries increment was calculated for each individual child in the sample.…”

Section: Outcome Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Dental Caries Increment Using Salivary Biomarkers in a Remote Indigenous Australian Child Population

Fernando

Tadakamadla

Kroon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The burden of childhood dental caries amongst Indigenous Australians is higher than that of other Australians. Because of differences in lifestyle and the evolutionary history of the oral microbiota associated risk indicators may differ. Our objective was to evaluate associations between caries increment, salivary biomarkers, and baseline caries status among a rural Indigenous community in Far North Queensland, Australia.MethodsThis study was part of a trial assessing effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to prevent dental caries among children. A baseline epidemiological survey and application of topical caries preventive measures was conducted in 2015, followed-up in 2016 and 2017. Saliva flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and bacterial loads were measured. Caries was scored by the International Caries Detection and Assessment system. The outcome was caries increment. Explanatory variables were sex, being in experimental or comparison group, baseline caries status, saliva flowrate and buffering capacity, pH, and salivary loads of mutans streptococci (MS), Lactobacilli (LB), and yeast. Descriptive statistics assessed frequencies, means and percentages. Chi Square tests compared caries incidence in relation to explanatory variables and Generalised Linear Models with negative binomial regression and log-link explored associations between explanatory and outcome variables. ResultsOf children caries free at baseline, significantly fewer had incipient (p=0.01) and advanced (p=0.04) caries after two years. From Univariate analysis, children in the experimental group experienced fewer tooth surfaces with advanced caries (p=0.02) than children in the comparison group. Having caries at baseline (p=0.02) and low salivary flow rates (p <0.001) saw a significant increase in advanced caries after two years. Children with high salivary loads of MS (p=0.03) and LB (p=0.004) experienced more advanced carious surfaces. Multivariable analysis revealed 58% reduction (p=0.001) in advanced caries among children with high salivary flow rates. Caries increment was 61% (p=0.03) more for incipient and 121% (p=0.007) more for advanced caries among children who harboured higher loads of MS. ConclusionAs with other ethnicities, children with low salivary flow rates and those with high loads of MS had higher incipient and advanced caries increments after two years. These risk assessments can facilitate targeted preventive interventions for such communities. Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), No: ACTRN12615000693527; date of registration: 3rd July 2015.

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Enamel and Dentin Caries Risk Factors of Adolescents in the Context of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A Longitudinal Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Cariogenic Risk and COVID-19 Lockdown in a Paediatric Population

Cariogenic Risk and COVID-19 Lockdown in a Paediatric Population

A New Model for Caries Risk Prediction in Teenagers Using a Machine Learning Algorithm Based on Environmental and Genetic Factors

Predicting Dental Caries Increment Using Salivary Biomarkers in a Remote Indigenous Australian Child Population

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