The Association of Urothelial Atypism with Neoplasia: Its Importance in Treatment and Prognosis

Significance of Bladder Biopsies in Ta,T1 Bladder Tumors: A Report from the EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group

“…Multiple areas may show malignant tissue or precursors of tumors. The percentage of abnormal biopsies showed a strong correlation with high-grade and high-stage invasive (≥T2) bladder tumors [11]. Most series were too small to permit conclusions concerning whether or not the presence of abnormal biopsies in patients with muscle-invasive tumor showed a correlation with the prognosis of the patient.…”

Expression of Immunohistochemical Markers (PCNA, Ki-67,486p and p53) on Paraffin Sections and Their Relation to the Recurrence Rate of Superficial Bladder Tumors

“…Usually the decision whether to administer prophylax is after complete resection of superficial bladder tumors is based on history and analysis of the tumor [3,19,20] or on identification of other risk factors, such as carcinoma in situ or dysplasia revealed in random biopsies [21,22], However, studies with longer follow-up have shown that there is only a gradual difference with respect to recur rence and progression rates in patients with recurrent tumors of different stages and grades [3], Thus, the use of monoclonal antibodies may permit identification of those patients who are at risk of developing a relapse after the initial presentation with superficial bladder cancer. By following this rationale, the physician may be able to be more selective in the intravesical administration of pro phylactic chemotherapeutic agents or BCG.…”

The Value of Histologic Grading and Staging, Random Biopsies, Tumor and Bladder Mucosa Blood Group Antigens, in Predicting Progression of Superficial Bladder Cancer

“…Prognostic factors in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma can be classified into those which are obtained from the tumor and the bladder such as lamina propria invasion [1][2][3], tumor grade [4], tumor extension and recurrence rate [5], morphology of random mucosal biop sies [6][7][8], cell-surface A, B or O (H) blood-group antigens in the tumor [9][10][11][12] or tissue of random mucosal bladder biopsies [13,14], urinary cytology [15,16], abnormal chromosomes (markers) [17,18], DNA profile of the tumor [19,20], and urinary carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) [21][22][23], and those which represent host-defense factors, such as serum rheumatoid factors and urinary immunoglobulins [25].…”