The association of iron status with educational performance and intelligence among adolescents

Kumarasiri, Pvr; Nugegoda, D.B.; Dissanayake, D. R. A.

doi:10.4038/cmj.v54i3.1199

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We found only 12 papers that reported on the SCE consequences of adolescent undernutrition . Most of these studies focused on educational outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review

Madjdian

Azupogo

Osendarp

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Adolescent undernutrition is a persisting public health problem in low and lower middle income countries (LLMICs). Nutritional trajectories are complexly interrelated with socio-cultural and economic (SCE) trajectories. However, a synthesis of the SCE determinants or consequences of undernutrition in adolescents is lacking. We undertook a narrative review of published literature to provide a narrative overview of the SCE determinants and consequences associated with undernutrition among adolescents in LLMICs. We identified 98 articles from PubMed, SCOPUS, and CAB-Abstracts on determinants and consequences of undernutrition as defined by stunting, underweight, thinness, and micronutrient deficiencies. At the individual level, significant determinants included age, sex, birth order, religion, ethnicity, educational and literacy level, working status, and marital status. At the household level, parental education and occupation, household size and composition, income, socioeconomic status, and resources were associated with undernutrition. Only a few determinants at the community/environmental level, including residence, sanitation, school type, and seasonality, were identified. The consequences of adolescent undernutrition were mostly related to education and cognition. This review underscores the importance of the broad range of context-specific SCE factors at several levels that influence adolescent nutritional status and shows that further research on SCE consequences of undernutrition is needed.

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“…We found only 12 papers that reported on the SCE consequences of adolescent undernutrition . Most of these studies focused on educational outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review

Madjdian

Azupogo

Osendarp

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…For some authors, iron status does not play a major role in educational performance and intelligence of school-going adolescents, stating that several factors (apart from ID) affect educational performance and intelligence 40. Eden41 highlights that children with ID and IDA, especially those in lower socioeconomic groups, are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairment both from the ID itself as well as from central nervous system damage caused by the associated increased absorption of other metals like lead.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency and cognitive functions

Jáuregui‐Lobera¹

2014

NDT

211

160

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Micronutrient deficiencies, especially those related to iodine and iron, are linked to different cognitive impairments, as well as to potential long-term behavioral changes. Among the cognitive impairments caused by iron deficiency, those referring to attention span, intelligence, and sensory perception functions are mainly cited, as well as those associated with emotions and behavior, often directly related to the presence of iron deficiency anemia. In addition, iron deficiency without anemia may cause cognitive disturbances. At present, the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is 2%–6% among European children. Given the importance of iron deficiency relative to proper cognitive development and the alterations that can persist through adulthood as a result of this deficiency, the objective of this study was to review the current state of knowledge about this health problem. The relevance of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, the distinction between the cognitive consequences of iron deficiency and those affecting specifically cognitive development, and the debate about the utility of iron supplements are the most relevant and controversial topics. Despite there being methodological differences among studies, there is some evidence that iron supplementation improves cognitive functions. Nevertheless, this must be confirmed by means of adequate follow-up studies among different groups.

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“…Nutritional status of adolescent age group is also widely studied in Sri Lanka [10, 16–21] due to unique problems related to this category. However, nutritional problems of pre-adolescent children are not studied widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status among primary school children in rural Sri Lanka; a public health challenge for a country with high child health standards

et al. 2017

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BackgroundNutritional status of pre adolescent children is not widely studied in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status among pre-adolescent school children in a rural province of Sri Lanka.MethodsA school based cross sectional study was carried out in North Central Province in 100 rural schools, selected using multi stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size. Children in grade one to five were enrolled with a maximum cluster size of fifty. Anthropometric measurements were done by trained data collectors and venesection was done at site by trained nurses. WHO AnthoPlus was used to calculate the BMI, height for age and weight for age Z scores. Survey design adjusted prevalence estimates with linearized standard errors were generated using svy function of STATA. Mean haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was calculated using methaeamoglobin method. Screening for iron deficiency and thalassemia trait was done using peripheral blood films.ResultsHeight and weight measurements were done for 4469 of children and the Hb data was available for 4398 children. Based on the survey design adjusted estimates, prevalence of severe thinness, thinness, overweight and obesity in this population was 8.60% (SE 0.94), 2.91%(SE 0.74), 2.95%(0.26) and 2.43%(SE 0.92) respectively. Similarly, survey design adjusted prevalence of underweight and stunting were, 25.93% (95% CI 24.07–27.89%) and 43.92%(95% CI 40.55–47.56%). Adjusted mean estimates for hemoglobin was 12.20 (95% CI 12.16–12.24) g/dL. Prevalence of anemia was 17.3% (n = 749). Prevalence of mild and moderate anemia was 9.4 and 7.6% respectively.ConclusionThis study confirms that malnutrition is still a major problem in North Central Province, Sri Lanka.

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The association of iron status with educational performance and intelligence among adolescents

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review

Socio‐cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review

Iron deficiency and cognitive functions

Nutritional status among primary school children in rural Sri Lanka; a public health challenge for a country with high child health standards

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