“…For the questionnaire, SES and related SDFs were logically chosen as independent variables (IVs). The structured questionnaire was constructed after an extensive review of existing literatures ( Pham et al, 2022 , Khan et al, 2022 , Berger et al, 2021 , Al-Mamari et al, 2021 , Afrin et al, 2021 , Acharya and Sharma, 2021 , Hegazy et al, 2021 , Alali et al, 2021 , Carlsson et al, 2021 , Luo et al, 2020 , Roy et al, 2020 , Volk et al, 2020 , Begum et al, 2020 , Xie et al, 2020 , von Ehrenstein et al, 2019 , Fatema et al, 2019 , Hamra et al, 2019 , Maia et al, 2019 , Soke et al, 2019 , Bhuiyan et al, 2017 ) and focused on Bangladeshi SES and related SDFs ( Table 3 ) that might be associated with the odds of ASD in Bangladesh. The questionnaire was validated by experts from academics (supervisor, biostatistician), practitioners (paediatrician, physician, disability specialists) and a researcher specializing in autism, guided by the existing literature ( Elangovan & Sundaravel, 2021 ).…”