The association of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense parameters with inflammatory markers in patients with exudative form of age-related macular degeneration

Abstract

There are evidence that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant defense parameters and inflammatory markers in patients with exudative form of AMD (eAMD), their mutual correlations and association with the specific forms of AMD. The cross-sectional study, included 75 patients with the eAMD, 31 patients with the early form, and 87 aged-matched control subjects. Significantly lower SOD, TAS and albumin values and higher GR, CRP and IL-6 were found in the eAMD compared to the early form (p<0.05). Significant negative correlations were found between GPx and fibrinogen (r = –0.254), TAS and IL-6 (r = –0.999) and positive correlations between uric acid and CRP (r = 0.292), IL-6 and uric acid (r = 0.398) in the eAMD. A significant association of CRP (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03–1.32, p = 0.018), fibrinogen (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.14–4.85, p = 0.021), TAS (OR: 7.45, 95% CI: 3.97–14.35, p = 0.0001), albumin (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11–1.41, p = 0.0001) and uric acid (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02, p = 0.003) was found with the eAMD. In conclusion it may be suggested, there is a significant impairment of antioxidant and inflammatory parameter levels in eAMD patients. In addition, significant association exists between the tested inflammatory markers and antioxidant parameters with late-eAMD.

DNA Damage Response and Oxidative Stress in Systemic Autoimmunity

“…On exposure to oxidative stress, cells initiate a variety of defense mechanisms, including both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In mammalian cells, enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase, whereas non-enzymatic antioxidants contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C), α-tocopherol (vitamin E), total thiol, glutathione, carotenoids, and flavonoids [83]. Oxidative stress causes damage on the primary cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids.…”

Associations between CYP2J2 (-76G&gt;T) rs890293 polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration

“…As it was mentioned before, dysregulation of inflammation and oxidative stress are the key players in the pathogenesis of AMD (ref. 6 ). Levels of CYP 450 enzyme (CYP4F2, CYP4F3 and CYP4A) derived oxylipins are elevated during inflammation 7 .…”

“…CYP2J2 participates in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and a few of its derivatives 11 . Variants of CYP2J2 have been shown to be associated with coronary artery disease 6 and Alzheimer`s disease 12 . Therefore, we aimed to determine the association of the CYP2J2 (-76G>T) rs890293 variant participating in bio-active lipid-oxylipin metabolism and inflammation with the development of age-related macular degeneration.…”

Comparison of Serum Biochemical and Haematological Analyses in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Elevations in levels of local and systemic biomarkers indicate that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of AMD (Mitchell et al, 2018;Kunchithapautham et al, 2014;Ambati et al, 2012;Čolak et al, 2017).…”