The association between olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in middle-aged and older adults

Roh, Daeyoung; Lee, Dong-Hee; Kim, Soo Whan; Kim, Sung Won; Kim, Byung-Guk; Kim, Do Hyun; Shin, Ji-Hyeon

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80943-5

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In the current study, the prevalence of asthma showed a significant increase in patients with OD (p < 0.001). Asthma and olfactory impairment have never been linked, according to a recent report published in 2021 by Rhyou et al 48 However, the presence of allergic rhinitis or sinusitis in association with asthma surely decreases the olfactory sensation. 29 , 49 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Systemic Diseases on Olfactory Function in COVID-19 Infected Patients

Awwad¹,

Elhay²,

Rabie³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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Background COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) is now a major public health threat to the world. Olfactory dysfunctions (ODs) are considered potential indicating symptoms and early case identification triaging for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The most common reported comorbidities are diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate prevalence of different types of smell disorders in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection and impact of involved systemic diseases. Methodology A cross-sectional retrospective study has been done for patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection (mild-to-moderate). The data collected from patient’s files and developed online electronic questionnaire (WhatsApp) based on the patients most common and recurrent reported data including: a) symptoms of olfactory dysfunction and associated covid19 symptoms fever and headache, cough, sore throat, pneumonia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, arthralgia and myalgia and taste dysfunction. b) Associated systemic diseases including: diabetes, hypertension, asthma, chronic renal disease, chorionic liver disease and hypothyroidism. Results Of 308 patients confirmed with Covid-19 infection, (72.4%) developed OD distributed as follows; complete anosmia (57.8%), troposmia (8.4%), hyposmia (2.9%), partial anosmia (2.6%) and euosmia (0.6%). Significantly increased prevalence of diabetes, hypertension asthma in the group with olfactory dysfunction (p < 0.001), chronic liver disease (p = 0.005), and hypothyroidism (p = 0.03). Conclusion The development of ODs after Covid-19 infection was associated with mild disease form and lower hospitalization. In addition, it showed significant relationship with preexisting systemic diseases. Anosmia is the common modality of ODs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Systemic Diseases on Olfactory Function in COVID-19 Infected Patients

Awwad¹,

Elhay²,

Rabie³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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“…Olfactory loss and the risk of neurological disorders Olfactory loss accompanies 68 neurological disorders of which we are aware (Table 1). There are also other medical disorders that are accompanied by olfactory loss, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity; disorders that may well have a neurological component (Bartoshuk, 1990;Liu et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019;Roh et al, 2021;Faour et al, 2022).…”

Section: Olfactory Loss Increases Neurological Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression

Leon

Woo

2022

Front. Neurosci.

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The loss of olfactory stimulation correlates well with at least 68 widely differing neurological disorders, including depression, and we raise the possibility that this relationship may be causal. That is, it seems possible that olfactory loss makes the brain vulnerable to expressing the symptoms of these neurological disorders, while daily olfactory enrichment may decrease the risk of expressing these symptoms. This situation resembles the cognitive reserve that is thought to protect people with Alzheimer’s neuropathology from expressing the functional deficit in memory through the cumulative effect of intellectual stimulation. These relationships also resemble the functional response of animal models of human neurological disorders to environmental enrichment, wherein the animals continue to have the induced neuropathology, but do not express the symptoms as they do in a standard environment with restricted sensorimotor stimulation.

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“…Coronary heart disease is associated with olfactory dysfunction ( Seubert et al, 2017 ), cardiovascular disease in general is more likely associated with olfactory dysfunction in men ( Roh et al, 2021 ), while alteration of smell and taste are prospectively associated with a larger increase in blood pressure ( Liu et al, 2018 ). It may be recalled that epithelial sodium channels participate in salty taste transduction but also in blood pressure regulation, like the olfactory receptors located in the kidney.…”

Section: Chemosensory Disturbances In Human Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Only COVID-19: Involvement of Multiple Chemosensory Systems in Human Diseases

Caretta

Mucignat-Caretta

2022

Front. Neural Circuits

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Chemosensory systems are deemed marginal in human pathology. In appraising their role, we aim at suggesting a paradigm shift based on the available clinical and experimental data that will be discussed. Taste and olfaction are polymodal sensory systems, providing inputs to many brain structures that regulate crucial visceral functions, including metabolism but also endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems. Moreover, other visceral chemosensory systems monitor different essential chemical parameters of “milieu intérieur,” transmitting their data to the brain areas receiving taste and olfactory inputs; hence, they participate in regulating the same vital functions. These chemosensory cells share many molecular features with olfactory or taste receptor cells, thus they may be affected by the same pathological events. In most COVID-19 patients, taste and olfaction are disturbed. This may represent only a small portion of a broadly diffuse chemosensory incapacitation. Indeed, many COVID-19 peculiar symptoms may be explained by the impairment of visceral chemosensory systems, for example, silent hypoxia, diarrhea, and the “cytokine storm”. Dysregulation of chemosensory systems may underlie the much higher mortality rate of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) compared to ARDSs of different origins. In chronic non-infectious diseases like hypertension, diabetes, or cancer, the impairment of taste and/or olfaction has been consistently reported. This may signal diffuse chemosensory failure, possibly worsening the prognosis of these patients. Incapacitation of one or few chemosensory systems has negligible effects on survival under ordinary life conditions but, under stress, like metabolic imbalance or COVID-19 pneumonia, the impairment of multiple chemosensory systems may lead to dire consequences during the course of the disease.

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The association between olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in middle-aged and older adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

Impact of Systemic Diseases on Olfactory Function in COVID-19 Infected Patients

Impact of Systemic Diseases on Olfactory Function in COVID-19 Infected Patients

Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression

Not Only COVID-19: Involvement of Multiple Chemosensory Systems in Human Diseases

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