The association between melasma and iron profile: a case-control study

Abstract

<jats:p>Background — Melasma is a chronic acquired localized hypermelanosis, causing aesthetic problem for women and impairing their quality of life. Evidence has suggested that hyperpigmentation can occur as a result of iron deficiency anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Aim — We aimed to evaluate the serum parameters of iron profile in melasma patients. Material and Methods — This case-control study investigated 51 adult non pregnant women with melasma, compared with 51 controls, from patients referred to the Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2017–2018. Melasma was diagnosed clinically according to the melasma area and severity index (MASI) score was calculated and recorded by the physician. The groups were compared in terms of vitamin B12, folate, serum iron, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin. Results — The mean and standard deviation of the women’s age was 36.89±8.88 years, significantly higher in the group of patients with melasma. Comparing the serum parameters between the groups indicated no statistically significant difference in terms of mean levels of ferritin, Hb, MCV, iron, vitamin B12, TIBC, and folate. The women in melasma group had a higher frequency in below normal range of ferritin and serum iron compared to the control group. None of the serum parameters were correlated with MASI. Conclusion — The higher frequency of below normal range of ferritin and serum iron levels in women with melasma compared to the control group showed a possible association between these serum parameters and melasma.</jats:p>

The healing effects of facial BOTOX injection on symptoms of depression alongside its effects on beauty preservation

“…What we discussed in this study was to investigate whether using botulinum injections as a common method of improving facial es- Change of lifestyle and notice to cosmetic and therapeutic aspects of many dermatologic concerns and disorders results in better management of them and logically impacts on psychological issues especially about immune-mediated dermatologic disorder like psoriasis, vitiligo and lichen planus, [20][21][22] acne, [23][24][25][26][27] melasma and pimentary disorders, [28][29][30][31] scars, [32][33][34] and alopecia, 35 that is, what we approached in this study, too.…”

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver and lipid profile status in patients with melasma: A case‐control study

“…13,14 In this regard, many studies have shown that oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation have prominent in patients with fatty liver. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Oxidative stress and peroxidation of lipids appear to create a common link between the occurrence of melasma and fatty liver, which partly suggests the relationship between melasma incidence and lipid disorders in the liver.…”

“…There are many articles regarding the probable association of some dermatologic disorders with metabolic syndrome 24 like psoriasis, [25][26][27][28] acne, 29,30 acanthosis nigricans, 31 and lichen planus. 32,33 So melasma is not an exception, there are many researchers have that been focused on various associations 34,35 and therapeutic aspects, [36][37][38][39] of melasma for better preventive approaches and more sustainable treatments.…”

“…Oxidative stress, on the other hand, plays a role in many organic disorders, such as liver disease (including nonalcoholic fatty liver disorder), and in fact, increasing the production of free oxygen radicals is responsible for LDL oxidation, which can be one of the first evidence of lipid involvement in fatty liver disease 13,14 . In this regard, many studies have shown that oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation have prominent in patients with fatty liver 15–21 . Oxidative stress and peroxidation of lipids appear to create a common link between the occurrence of melasma and fatty liver, which partly suggests the relationship between melasma incidence and lipid disorders in the liver.…”

“…The sample size was calculated by Fleiss formula based on the parameters inGoodarzi et al, 15 considering type I and II error of 0.10 and 0.30, respectively, due to the limitations caused by the COVID‐19 epidemic. This case‐control study was performed on 30 consecutive women with the diagnosis of melasma who referred to dermatology clinic at the hospital with which the authors affiliated in Tehran as the case group and 34 healthy women without the criteria of melasma that referred for checking‐up as the control group.…”