The Association between Maxillomandibular Sagittal Relationship and Pharyngeal Airway Passage Dimensions

Abstract

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that there is no association between sagittal maxillomandibular relationship and pharyngeal airway passage dimensions. Materials and methods: Lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects were used to measure the upper pharyngeal airway. The subjects were divided into three groups (each group included 30 subjects) according to ANB angle: Class III (ANB < 0.7°); Class I (ANB > 0.7° and < 4.7°); Class II (ANB > 4.7°). All lateral cephalograms were traced manually. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in the upper airway at the level of nasopharynx and oropharynx and the airway showed a tendency to decrease from Class III to Class I and Class I to Class II. Conclusion: Sagittal skeletal pattern had a close association between the pharyngeal airway passage and the dimensions of the pharyngeal airway passage. The dimensions of pharyngeal airway passage were decreased from Class III to Class I and Class I to Class II subjects.

Morphometric relationships between the upper respiratory tract and the craniofacial bone structures

“…23 The literature also showed that individuals with skeletal Class III and I had greater dimensions of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx as well as palatopharynx, as compared with individuals with skeletal Class II. 24,25 Such relations were confirmed by another study. 22 Only the values of the laryngopharyngeal dimensions did not differ significantly among the given skeletal classes.…”

“…23 W piśmiennictwie wykazano także, że osoby odpowiednio z III i I klasą szkieletową mają większe wartości wymiarów części ustnej i krtaniowej gardła oraz palatopharynx w odniesieniu do osób z II klasą szkieletową. 24,25 W innym badaniu potwierdzono powyższe zależności. 22 Jedynie wartości wymiarów krtaniowej części gardła nie różniły się istotnie pomiędzy określonymi klasami szkieletowymi.…”

Evaluation of the change in the tongue posture and in the hyoid bone position after Twin Block appliance therapy in skeletal class II subjects

“…The literature supports the claim that subjects with a retrognathic mandible have decreased airway dimensions. 30,31 A lowered posture of the tongue depicted in our study after TBA therapy minimizes the chance of collapsibility of the velopharynx; this occurs as a result of the tongue being attached to the lateral walls of the soft palate via the palatoglossal arch. 32 The gravitational influence of the tongue on the soft palate, though weak in nature, is also reduced by its lowered posture and, in effect, increases the airflow.…”

<p>Perbedaan dimensi saluran udara faring pada berbagai relasi skeletal</p><p> Differences of dimension of the pharyngeal airway in various skeletal relations</p>

“…Faring berbentuk tabung dan memanjang secara superoinferior dari dasar tengkorak menuju dataran inferior dari vertebra servikalis ke enam. 5,6 Faring dapat dibagi menjadi tiga bagian: nasofaring (epifaring), orofaring (mesofaring) dan laringofaring (hipofaring) yang menghubungkan rongga hidung, rongga mulut dan laring pada faring. 7,8 Abnormalitas pada struktur kraniofasial, seperti defisiensi mandibula, retrusi bimaksila, dataran oklusal yang curam, peningkatan sudut dataran mandibula dan posisi tulang hyoid yang lebih ke posterior menyebabkan penyempitan saluran udara faring.…”

“…7,8 Abnormalitas pada struktur kraniofasial, seperti defisiensi mandibula, retrusi bimaksila, dataran oklusal yang curam, peningkatan sudut dataran mandibula dan posisi tulang hyoid yang lebih ke posterior menyebabkan penyempitan saluran udara faring. 5,9,10 Penelitian perbedaan yang tidak signifikan pada nasofaring dan laringofaring antara kelompok Kelas I, II dan III skeletal, namun pada orofaring ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan. Eslamian dkk., dan Lopatiene dkk., menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada lebar nasofaring, orofaring dan laringofaring antara Kelas skeletal yang berbeda, hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh penelitian Eslamian dkk., yang meneliti sampel dengan pola pertumbuhan vertikal yang normal sedangkan penelitian Lopatiene dkk., menggunakan metode pengukuran yang berbeda dengan rentang usia sampel 7-17 tahun.…”