Abstract:One of the dreaded disfiguring disease conditions among the Andoni tribesmen in the Nigerian Niger delta region is hydrocele, especially when its size is large (giant hydrocele) and it cannot be concealed. This case-control study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of depression among patients with giant hydrocele presenting to Bethesda Clinic Ngo, Andoni, Nigeria. A total of 52 patients were recruited into this study: 26 in the giant hydrocele group and 26 in the control group. Their age range was 23 to 7… Show more
“…± 16.19). The majority of papers investigated populations with both sexes; but three papers looked at male-only populations (Gyapong et al ., 2000; Okoye and Onwuliri, 2007; Dienye et al ., 2011) and three papers looked at female-only populations (Nwoke and Nwagbo, 2005; Downs et al ., 2011; Chahed et al ., 2016). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The papers focusing on male-only populations were focused on the psychological and social effects of hydrocele (Gyapong et al, 2000;Okoye and Onwuliri, 2007;Dienye et al, 2011) which revealed similar results, in that stigmatization of men with certain parasite infections was often debilitating and resulted in the development of depression. Furthermore, such men were less likely to wed and those already with a spouse were often divorced shortly thereafter.…”
A growing body of research implicates inflammation as a potential pathway in the aetiology and pathophysiology of some mental illnesses. A systematic review was conducted to determine the association between parasitic infection and mental illnesses in humans in Africa and reviewed the state of the evidence available. The search focused on publications from Africa documenting the relationship between parasites from two parasite groups, helminths and protozoans, and four classifications of mental illness: mood affective disorders, neurotic and stress-related disorders, schizotypal disorders and unspecified mental illnesses. In the 26 reviewed papers, the prevalence of mental illness was significantly higher in people with parasitic infection compared to those without infection, i.e., 58.2% vs 41.8% (P < 0.001). An overall odds ratio found that the association of having a mental illness when testing positive for a parasitic infection was four times that of people without infection. Whilst the study showed significant associations between parasite infection and mental illness, it also highlights gaps in the present literature on the pathophysiology of mental illness in people exposed to parasite infection. This study highlighted the importance of an integrated intervention for parasitic infection and mental illness.
“…± 16.19). The majority of papers investigated populations with both sexes; but three papers looked at male-only populations (Gyapong et al ., 2000; Okoye and Onwuliri, 2007; Dienye et al ., 2011) and three papers looked at female-only populations (Nwoke and Nwagbo, 2005; Downs et al ., 2011; Chahed et al ., 2016). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The papers focusing on male-only populations were focused on the psychological and social effects of hydrocele (Gyapong et al, 2000;Okoye and Onwuliri, 2007;Dienye et al, 2011) which revealed similar results, in that stigmatization of men with certain parasite infections was often debilitating and resulted in the development of depression. Furthermore, such men were less likely to wed and those already with a spouse were often divorced shortly thereafter.…”
A growing body of research implicates inflammation as a potential pathway in the aetiology and pathophysiology of some mental illnesses. A systematic review was conducted to determine the association between parasitic infection and mental illnesses in humans in Africa and reviewed the state of the evidence available. The search focused on publications from Africa documenting the relationship between parasites from two parasite groups, helminths and protozoans, and four classifications of mental illness: mood affective disorders, neurotic and stress-related disorders, schizotypal disorders and unspecified mental illnesses. In the 26 reviewed papers, the prevalence of mental illness was significantly higher in people with parasitic infection compared to those without infection, i.e., 58.2% vs 41.8% (P < 0.001). An overall odds ratio found that the association of having a mental illness when testing positive for a parasitic infection was four times that of people without infection. Whilst the study showed significant associations between parasite infection and mental illness, it also highlights gaps in the present literature on the pathophysiology of mental illness in people exposed to parasite infection. This study highlighted the importance of an integrated intervention for parasitic infection and mental illness.
“…38 For men affected by hydrocele, a form of LF characterised by swelling of the scrotum, the major risks for anxiety and depression were dissatisfaction of their spouse/partners if they were in a relationship, or worries about finding a wife for single men. 26,43,44 Relationship status also played a part for people affected by leprosy. Some studies found that being married was a source of mental distress, 8,31,45 whereas other research identified not being married as a factor for depression or anxiety.…”
Individual studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among people affected with leprosy and lymphatic filariasis (LF), but they are often too small for a reliable comparison of prevalence mental ill health or its risk. The current study explores prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety within a large programme of a non-governmental organisation in India. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, we administered face-to-face Washington Group extended questions for Mental Health among leprosy and LF beneficiaries entering Lepra's programmes in Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Madhya Pradesh (N = 3706). Data were also gathered on risk factors widely reported in the literature, such as gender, age, caste, income, occupation, exclusion, disability and marital status. Results: Around 50% of people affected with leprosy or LF reported experiences of depression and anxiety. Disability was found to be the main contributing factor for depression and anxiety, with exclusion, income, gender and age having a lower effect.
Conclusion:The study confirms that mental ill health is a significant burden associated with leprosy and LF and that the mental health care needs of this population should be streamlined into the existing health and social services, and tailored according to disability status, age, marital status gender, income levels and taking into account experiences of discrimination. Current momentum for joint efforts to address skin NTDs presents a window of opportunity.
Background
This study aimed to determine the key mental health indicators affecting people affected by lymphatic filariasis (LF) lymphoedema by assessing the prevalence of depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL), identifying associated sociodemographic and clinical risk factors, and evaluating the impact of an enhanced self-care intervention for lymphoedema management.
Methods
A prospective cohort study of adults with filarial lymphoedema from two regions of Malawi was conducted over six months in 2021. Depressive symptoms and QOL were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and LF Specific QOL Questionnaire, respectively, at baseline (pre-intervention), 3- and 6-months (postintervention). Beta regression analysis identified risk factors, and assessed the impact of the intervention.
Results
Three hundred eleven affected individuals were surveyed with 23% (95% CI 18%–29%) reporting mild/moderate depressive symptoms and 31% (95% CI 26%–37%) reporting moderately low/low QOL. Higher depressive symptom scores were associated with high frequency of acute filarial attack episodes. Individuals with higher depressive symptoms (Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.93–0.93) and lower QOL (AOR 0.98, 0.98–0.98) showed greatest improvement in mental health indicators over 3-months but was not sustained to the same level at 6-months.
Conclusions
Sustained morbidity management and psychological support is recommended for affected persons to ensure long-term positive mental health and clinical outcomes.
Contexte
Cette étude vise à déterminer les principaux indicateurs de santé mentale affectant les personnes atteintes de lymphœdème dû à la filariose lymphatique (FL) en évaluant la prévalence des symptômes dépressifs et la qualité de vie (QV), en identifiant les facteurs de risque sociodémographiques et cliniques associés, et en évaluant l'impact d'une intervention améliorée d'autosoins pour la gestion du lymphœdème.
Méthodes
Une étude de cohorte prospective d'adultes atteints de lymphoedème filaire dans deux régions du Malawi a été menée pendant six mois en 2021. Les symptômes dépressifs et la qualité de vie ont été évalués à l'aide du questionnaire sur la santé des patients (PHQ-9) et du questionnaire sur la qualité de vie spécifique au lymphœdème, respectivement, au début de l'étude (avant l'intervention), et à 3 puis 6 mois après l'intervention. Une analyse de régression beta a permis d'identifier les facteurs de risque et d'évaluer l'impact de l'intervention.
Résultats
Trois cent onze personnes affectées ont été interrogées, dont 23% (95% CI 18%–29%) ont déclaré des symptômes dépressifs légers/modérés et 31% (95% CI 26%–37%) ont déclaré une qualité de vie modérément faible/faible. Des scores élevés de symptômes dépressifs ont été associés à une fréquence élevée d'épisodes de crises filariennes aiguës. Les personnes présentant des symptômes dépressifs plus élevés (rapport de cotes ajusté (RCA) 0.93, IC à 95 % 0.93–0.93) et une qualité de vie plus faible (RCA 0.98, 0.98–0.98) ont montré la plus grande amélioration des indicateurs de santé mentale au cours des trois mois, mais cette amélioration ne s'est pas maintenue au même niveau au cours des six mois suivants.
Conclusion
Gestion de la morbidité et soutien psychologique sont des éléments clés pour garantir une santé mentale et des résultats cliniques satisfaisants de personnes atteintes sur le long terme.
Antecedentes
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los indicadores clave de salud mental que afectan a las personas afectadas por linfedema por filariasis linfática (FL) mediante la evaluación de la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y calidad de vida (CdV), la identificación de factores de riesgo sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados, y la evaluación del impacto de una intervención de autocuidado mejorada para el manejo del linfedema.
Métodos
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de cohortes de adultos con linfedema filarial de dos regiones de Malawi durante seis meses en 2021. Los síntomas depresivos y la calidad de vida se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ-9) y el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida específico para el LF Cuestionario, respectivamente, al inicio (preintervención) y a los 3 y 6 meses (posintervención). El análisis de regresión beta identificó los factores de riesgo y evaluó el impacto de la intervención.
Resultados
Se encuestó a 311 afectados, de los cuales el 23% (IC 95%, 18%–29%) presentaba síntomas depresivos leves/moderados y el 31% (IC 95%, 26%–37%) una CdV moderadamente baja/baja CdV. Las puntuaciones más altas de síntomas depresivos se asociaron con una alta frecuencia de episodios de ataques agudos de filarias. Los individuos con mayores síntomas depresivos (Odds Ratios Ajustados [ORA] 0.93; IC 95%: 0.93–0.93) y menor CdV (ORA 0.98; 0.98–0.98) mostraron la mayor mejoría en los indicadores de salud mental a los 3 meses, pero no se mantuvo al mismo nivel a los 6 meses.
Conclusiones
Se recomienda el manejo sostenido de la morbilidad y el apoyo psicológico a las personas afectadas para garantizar resultados clínicos y de salud mental positivos a largo plazo.
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