The association between depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and inflammation in major depression

Association of inflammatory biomarkers with depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in a community-dwelling healthy older sample: A 3-year follow-up study

“…Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that raised inflammatory markers such as highsensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and IL-6 have a small but significant association with the subsequent development of depressive symptoms (Valkanova et al, 2013). However, a recent report has demonstrated that there was no association between immune markers such as hsCRP and IL-6 and specific depressive symptoms at baseline or with change over time after a 3-month exercise intervention in patients with depression (Krogh et al, 2014). Pasco et al (2010) have shown an association between hsCRP with de novo major depression in 644 women (aged 20-84 years).…”

Cytokine alterations and cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder: From putative mechanisms to novel treatment targets

“…The association between levels of IL-6 and cognitive impairment in MDD has been investigated in the majority of studies addressing the impact of peripheral cytokines on cognition (Dannehl et al, 2014;Duivis et al, 2013;Elderkin-Thompson et al, 2012;Gimeno et al, 2008;Goldsmith et al, 2016a;Gorska-Ciebiada et al, 2015;Grassi-Oliveira et al, 2011;Jehn et al, 2015;Krogh et al, 2014;Matsushima et al, 2015). In these studies higher levels of IL-6 were associated with worse cognitive performance on encoding and recall in depressed and healthy elders (Elderkin-Thompson et al, 2012), psychomotor speed in medication-naïve patients with MDD (Goldsmith et al, 2016a) as well as immediate and delayed verbal recall in patients with MDD (Grassi-Oliveira et al, 2011).…”

Neuroinflammatory pathways in anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and obsessive compulsive disorders

“…These patients have been found to have an increased risk of comorbid neurological, vascular, respiratory, and metabolic conditions (Sareen et al, 2005;Buist-Bouwman et al, 2006). While relatively much more has been published in the depression literature (Young et al, 2004;Thomas et al, 2005;Fitzgerald et al, 2006;Pavón et al, 2006;Pasco et al, 2010;Hinkelmann et al, 2012;Vogelzangs et al, 2012;Krogh et al, 2014;Powell et al, 2013;Raison et al, 2013;Wium-Andersen et al, 2013;Köhler et al, 2014;Udina et al, 2014), significant work is required to understand the interaction between the anxiety disorders and the neuroinflammatory system. Additionally, individuals with anxiety disorders often experience increased disability when suffering from a comorbid physical condition compared to individuals suffering from the physical condition alone (Sareen et al, 2005;Buist-Bouwman et al, 2006), therefore resulting in decreased quality of life.…”