The Association Between COVID-19 Pfizer Vaccine and The Reported Post-Vaccination Menstrual Changesi Citizen and Resident Women in KSA: Results of Riyadh Survey Study

Morsi, Ahmed; Mersal, Ezat A.; Hassanein, A.M.; Alshammri, Aryaf; Alshammari, Abeer; Alkahmous, Nourah; Alhuwayji, Fatimah; Elfawal, Riham G

doi:10.21608/ejhm.2022.224911

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, another study has reported new incidence or worsening of dysmenorrhea by more than 47% of participants during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 17 ]. In contrast, there are also studies reporting reduced occurrence or improvement in their symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination, similar to our results [ 11 , 18 ]. However, the studies focusing on dysmenorrhea or back pain described above are very heterogenous regarding their methods; a few evaluated the intensity of the symptoms [ 16 , 17 ], others compared endometriosis patients vs. health controls [ 16 , 19 ], and only two of these studies followed the same approach that we used here and compared the occurrence of the symptoms before and after immunization [ 11 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in Endometriosis-Associated Symptoms Following Immunization against SARS-CoV-2: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lukac,

Friedl,

Gruber

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: There are many reports about variations in the menstrual cycle after infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination against it. However, data on SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination-related changes in menstruation-associated endometriosis-typical symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria, and bloating are rare or missing. Methods: This retrospective study was performed as an online survey among employees and students at the University Hospital Ulm, Germany. Changes regarding the presence of mentioned symptoms and after immunization (vaccination and/or infection) were evaluated with the McNemar Test. Additionally, the risk factors associated with these changes and associations between a subjectively perceived general change in menstruation and changes in the symptoms were evaluated. Results: A total of 1589 respondents were included in the final analysis. Less than 4% of respondents reported the occurrence of new symptoms that they had not experienced before immunization. Overall, there was a significant reduction in the presence of dysmenorrhea, back pain, dyschezia, bloating, and dyspareunia after immunization against coronavirus (p < 0.001). Only 2.3% of all participants reported to have been diagnosed with endometriosis. Factors associated with changes in endometriosis-typical symptoms following immunization were body mass index, age, endometriosis, and thyroid disease. Conclusions: Our results provide unique data about a reduction in the incidence of endometriosis-associated symptoms as dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, and dyspareunia after immunization against COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in Endometriosis-Associated Symptoms Following Immunization against SARS-CoV-2: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lukac,

Friedl,

Gruber

et al. 2024

JCM

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“…In a population‐based Norwegian cohort cross‐sectional study on 5688 women aged 18–30 years by mobile‐phone questionnaires, 12.5% of women had prolonged menstrual bleeding after the first dose of COVID‐19 vaccination and 14.3% after the second dose (Trogstad, 2022 ). Similar results were reported in studies of postvaccinated women in Italy and Saudi Arabia (Laganà et al, 2022 ; Morsi et al, 2022 ). The hypothalamic–pituitary‐ovarian axis regulates the female menstrual cycle and is influenced by various physiological and environmental stressors (Lin et al, 2007 ; Valsamakis et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The COVID‐19 vaccine did not affect the basal immune response and menstruation in female athletes

Chiang

Shih

et al. 2023

Physiological Reports

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The COVID‐19 pandemic restricted the regular training and competition program of athletes. Vaccines against COVID‐19 are known to be beneficial for the disease; however, the unknown side effects of vaccines and postvaccination reactions have made some athletes hesitant to get vaccinated. We investigated the changes in inflammatory responses and menstrual cycles of female athletes before and after vaccination. Twenty female athletes were enrolled in this study. Blood was collected from each subject before the first COVID‐19 vaccination and after the first and second vaccinations. Laboratory data, including white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, and inflammatory markers, including NLR (neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet lymphocyte ratio), RPR (red cell distribution width to platelet ratio), SII (systemic immune‐inflammation index), and NeuPla (neutrophil–platelet ratio), were analyzed statistically. The menstrual changes before and after vaccination and the side effects were collected by questionnaires. No significant changes in the laboratory data were found after the first and second shots when compared to those at prevaccination: white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, NLR, PLR, SII, RPR, and NeuPla (p > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant changes in the menstruation cycle or days of the menstrual period (p > 0.05). All side effects after vaccination were mild and subsided in 2 days. The blood cell counts, inflammatory markers, and menstruation of female athletes were not affected by COVID‐19 vaccines.

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“…Symptoms included heavier bleeding, longer as well as shorter than usual cycles, unexpected breakthrough bleeding in those using contraceptives, and dysmenorrhea. Such symptoms were experienced more frequently following the second dose [ 16 , 18 , 20 ]. Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) infection also resulted in more frequent post-vaccination menstrual changes [ 12 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual abnormalities after COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review

Nazir

Asghar

Rathore

et al. 2022

Vacunas

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The Association Between COVID-19 Pfizer Vaccine and The Reported Post-Vaccination Menstrual Changesi Citizen and Resident Women in KSA: Results of Riyadh Survey Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Endometriosis-Associated Symptoms Following Immunization against SARS-CoV-2: A Cross-Sectional Study

Changes in Endometriosis-Associated Symptoms Following Immunization against SARS-CoV-2: A Cross-Sectional Study

The COVID‐19 vaccine did not affect the basal immune response and menstruation in female athletes

Menstrual abnormalities after COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review

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