Introduction Literature has shown varying results regarding the presence of group B Streptococcal (GBS) infection in pregnant females with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The infection can be detrimental to maternal and neonatal well-being. There is a lack of studies that showed the extent of this problem in the local population of Pakistan. Our study aims to determine the frequency of GBS infection in females with PPROM. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Pakistan for six months. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Demographic data were also recorded. Then the amniotic fluid sample was taken during a vaginal examination and was sent to the laboratory of the hospital for assessment of the presence or absence of GBS. Reports were assessed for GBS infection. Baseline demographics including age, body mass index (BMI), parity, and gestational age were presented as mean and standard deviation. Categorical data like parity and GBS infection were presented as frequency and percentage. Results The mean age of women was 30.04 ± 6.75 years. The mean gestational age of patients was 34.51 ± 1.75 weeks. Among 150 women, GBS infection was diagnosed in 24 (16%) patients. The occurrence of GBS infection was significantly associated with the age and parity status of women (p < 0.05). However, it was not significantly associated with gestational age and BMI of women (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our study showed a low prevalence of GBS infection in females presenting with PPROM. Nonetheless, the presence of infection can lead to detrimental outcomes including neonatal and maternal sepsis. The rate and risk factors of maternal and neonatal GBS colonization may vary in different communities. These rates, as well as the incidence of neonatal disease, need to be thoroughly evaluated to develop appropriate strategies for prevention.
Unemployment is a syndrome which is a common feature of all developing nations. Masses are either unemployed or self-employed due to lack of opportunities and distorted public policies regarding employment generation in these countries. Microenterprises financing through microfinance institutions are playing a pivotal role in creating employment opportunities for their target households. This study observes the impact of Islamic microfinance on self, family and community employment generation activities. In this regard, data were collected from 168 clients of three pioneering Islamic microfinance institutions working in Lahore, Pakistan. The study uses descriptive analysis and probability econometric modeling to achieve its objectives. The results show that the Islamic microfinance played a significant role in starting and extending existing businesses of the target households. Moreover, it also helps households and community members to get absorbed in the microenterprises apart from borrowers themselves. Therefore, it is concluded that Islamic microfinance does go beyond self-employability.
No abstract
<p> In this thesis, reactive multi-particle collision dynamics (RMPC) is used for the simulation of aggregation and aggregation-fragmentation systems. RMPC dynamics consists of collisions, reactions, and free streaming. Aggregation and fragmentation is modelled using a reactive mechanism. An infinite system of ODEs called the Smoluchowski differential equations has been used for comparison in the well mixed case. The exact solution for the infinite system is also compared with a finite system RK4 solution that is more appropriate for finite system RMPC simulations. The maximum cluster size is taken to be five, and the domain for stochastic simulations is cubic with periodic boundary conditions. Constant, additive, and multiplicative rates are discussed, and the affects of variations in aggregation and break-up rates are observed. Non-zero, monomer-only initial conditions are used, and the solution for aggregation is obtained with a monomer only initial-concentration equal to 1, as well as b, where b is a constant. The solution for aggregation and break-up is calculated using a monomer-only initial concentration equal to b. The RMPC simulations showed that the RMPC results had a good agreement with the finite-system RK4 solution specially for smaller particle sizes. There was stochastic noise in the RMPC results for all cases that became more pronounced with increase in break-up rate. The novelty of this work consists of RMPC simulation results for additive and multiplicative rates, which has not been simulated using RMPC before. For the system size considered in this work, stochastic effects can be further extended for larger cluster sizes, and to analyse different choices for aggregation and break-up rates. </p>
<p> In this thesis, reactive multi-particle collision dynamics (RMPC) is used for the simulation of aggregation and aggregation-fragmentation systems. RMPC dynamics consists of collisions, reactions, and free streaming. Aggregation and fragmentation is modelled using a reactive mechanism. An infinite system of ODEs called the Smoluchowski differential equations has been used for comparison in the well mixed case. The exact solution for the infinite system is also compared with a finite system RK4 solution that is more appropriate for finite system RMPC simulations. The maximum cluster size is taken to be five, and the domain for stochastic simulations is cubic with periodic boundary conditions. Constant, additive, and multiplicative rates are discussed, and the affects of variations in aggregation and break-up rates are observed. Non-zero, monomer-only initial conditions are used, and the solution for aggregation is obtained with a monomer only initial-concentration equal to 1, as well as b, where b is a constant. The solution for aggregation and break-up is calculated using a monomer-only initial concentration equal to b. The RMPC simulations showed that the RMPC results had a good agreement with the finite-system RK4 solution specially for smaller particle sizes. There was stochastic noise in the RMPC results for all cases that became more pronounced with increase in break-up rate. The novelty of this work consists of RMPC simulation results for additive and multiplicative rates, which has not been simulated using RMPC before. For the system size considered in this work, stochastic effects can be further extended for larger cluster sizes, and to analyse different choices for aggregation and break-up rates. </p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.