Background
Precision instruments and safe techniques are essential for successful surgical procedures. Despite technological advances, iatrogenic injuries to vital structures continue to occur, adding physical, emotional, and financial costs to patients and surgeons. This study, which was conducted by a collaborative team from the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation and the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, introduces a novel surgical instrument. The device was designed to mitigate surgical risks by combining the utility of scissors with the reliability of a scalpel and by adding enhanced safety features without compromising functionality.
Methods
The process used to develop a novel instrument included computer-aided design (CAD) modeling, 3D printing for prototyping, and the fabrication of an aluminum prototype. Biomechanical testing of this prototype was then performed against traditional surgical tools.
Results
Compared to conventional bandage and iris scissors, the novel surgical instrument required significantly less force to cut through an Ace™ bandage, stockinette, and gauze (p < 0.01). The number of cuts required to transect those same materials with the novel device was comparable to that of the scalpel and bandage scissors. Additionally, while there were no differences between the novel device and the other devices for an Ace™ bandage and stockinette, the novel device tended to cut a greater percentage of gauze in one pass than did the iris scissors.
Conclusion
The novel surgical instrument designed in this study required less force compared to conventional scissors, demonstrated cutting efficiency similar to that of a scalpel blade, and had more safety features than either instrument. This study highlights the value of collaboration between biomedical engineering and orthopedic surgery departments on innovation in medical technology, through which new technologies with improved design and functionality demonstrate the potential to reduce iatrogenic injuries.