The association between cannabis use and suicidality among men and women: A population-based longitudinal study

Shalit, Nadav; Shoval, Gal; Shlosberg, Dan; Feingold, Daniel L.; Lev‐Ran, Shaul

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.010

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Surprisingly, we did not find increased odds for suicide attempts for groups that solely had an alcohol [4,6], cannabis [7,32,34], or narcotic use disorder [5]. Further, the population that was solely diagnosed with either anxiety [24,31,55] or a psychotic disorder [29,56] did not have greater odds for suicide attempts compared to peers without these mental health disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In particular, depression and bipolar with anxiety disorders are strongly associated with suicidal ideation, attempts, and completion [3,20,21,22,23,24,26,29,30,31]. Individuals with SUD also have greater incidence of suicidal ideation and attempts compared to the population who do not have a problem with substances [32,33]. Co-occurrence of SUD and mental health disorders increases the risk of suicidal ideation, attempts, and completion [2,3,4,5,6,7,27,28,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations among Substance Use, Mental Health Disorders, and Self-Harm in a Prison Population: Examining Group Risk for Suicide Attempt

Gates

Turney²,

Ferguson

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Substance use disorders (SUD) and mental health disorders are significant public health issues that co-occur and are associated with high risk for suicide attempts. SUD and mental health disorders are more prevalent among offenders (i.e., prisoners or inmates) than the non-imprisoned population, raising concerns about the risk of self-harm. This cross-sectional study examined the population of a state prison system (10,988 out of 13,079) to identify associations among SUD (alcohol, cannabis, intravenous drugs, narcotics, and tobacco smoking), mental health disorders (anxiety, bipolar, depression, and psychotic disorders), and suicide attempts. The primary aim was to determine which groups (SUD, mental health disorders, and co-occurrences) were strongly association with suicide attempts. Groups with a documented SUD or mental health disorders compared to peers without these issues had 2.0 and 9.2 greater odds, respectively, for attempting suicide, which was significant at p < 0.0001 for both conditions. There were also significant differences within SUD and mental health disorders groups in regard to suicide attempts. Groups with the greatest odds for suicide attempts were offenders with comorbid bipolar comorbid and anxiety, alcohol combined with depression, and cannabis co-occurring with depression. Documentation of suicide attempts during imprisonment indicates awareness, but also suggest a need to continue enhancing screening and evaluating environmental settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among Substance Use, Mental Health Disorders, and Self-Harm in a Prison Population: Examining Group Risk for Suicide Attempt

Gates

Turney²,

Ferguson

et al. 2017

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies on factors associated with depression have shown that in comparison to males, female cannabis-using adolescents are at greater risk for suicide [143], as well as self-harm as a function of cannabis use [159]. In a longitudinal study, heavy cannabis use in males, but not females, was significantly associated with increased odds of later suicidal ideation [160]. In contrast, past suicidality in females, but not males, was associated with initiation of cannabis use [160].…”

Section: Sex Differences In Cannabis Use Comorbidity With Psychiatricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a longitudinal study, heavy cannabis use in males, but not females, was significantly associated with increased odds of later suicidal ideation [160]. In contrast, past suicidality in females, but not males, was associated with initiation of cannabis use [160]. Another study showed that cannabis craving was correlated with self-reported depression, and when depression was held as a covariate, greater craving scores emerged for males compared to females [161].…”

Section: Sex Differences In Cannabis Use Comorbidity With Psychiatricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Cannabis Use

et al. 2017

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Purpose of the Review Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. In recent decades, highly concentrated products have flooded the market, and prevalence rates have increased. Gender differences exist in cannabis use, as men have higher prevalence of both cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD), while women progress more rapidly from first use to CUD. This paper reviews findings from preclinical and human studies examining the sex-specific neurobiological underpinnings of cannabis use and CUD, and associations with psychiatric symptoms. Recent Findings Sex differences exist in the endocannabinoid system, in cannabis exposure effects on brain structure and function, and in the co-occurrence of cannabis use with symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. In female cannabis users, anxiety symptoms correlate with larger amygdala volume and social anxiety disorder symptoms correlate with CUD symptoms. Female cannabis users are reported to be especially vulnerable to earlier onset of schizophrenia, and mixed trends emerge in the correlation of depressive symptoms with cannabis exposure in females and males. Summary As prevalence of cannabis use may continue to increase given the shifting policy landscape regarding marijuana laws, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of cannabis exposure in females and males is key. Examining these mechanisms may help inform future research on sex-specific pharmacological and behavioral interventions for women and men with high-risk cannabis use, comorbid psychiatric disease, and CUD.

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“…Significant risk factors for suicidal behavior include misuse of alcohol or drugs, a history of self-harm and attempted suicide, and psychiatric disorders [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Globally, alcohol dependence (13.3%), amphetamine dependence (2.4%), opioid dependence (1.9%) and cocaine dependence (0.9%) are important attributable factors for suicide [14].…”

Section: Risk Factors Related To Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide among people treated for drug use disorders: a Danish national record-linkage study

et al. 2020

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Background: Substance use disorders are a major risk factor for suicide. However, less is known about specific risk factors for suicide in people with substance use disorders. Methods: This population cohort study assessed suicide among people treated for drug use disorders in Denmark 2000-2010, and described risk factors for completed suicide. Data from 27,942 individuals enrolled in treatment were linked to national registers and matched with controls without drug use disorder and with (n = 138,136) or without psychiatric history (n = 1574). Competing risk regression was used to identify risk factors of completed suicide. Results: There were 163 suicides among patients with a history of drug treatment (0.6% of patients). Increased risk was associated with younger age at enrolment (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95, 0.98), history of psychiatric care (HR = 1.96, CI 95%: 1.39, 2.77), opioid use (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.68), and alcohol use (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.23). Lower risk was associated with cannabis use (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.96). Compared with age-and gender-matched controls without a history of treatment for substance use disorders or recent psychiatric care, the standardized mortality ratio due to suicide was 7.13 for people with drug use disorder without a history of psychiatric care (95% CI: 5.81, 8.44), 13.48 for people with drug use disorder and psychiatric history (95% CI: 9.75, 17.22), and 13.61 for people with psychiatric history only (95% CI: 6.72, 20.50). Conclusions: Risk of suicide is increased among people with drug use disorders. Access to treatment for comorbid mental health problems for people with drug use disorders could potentially reduce risk of suicide.

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The association between cannabis use and suicidality among men and women: A population-based longitudinal study

Cited by 39 publications

References 87 publications

Associations among Substance Use, Mental Health Disorders, and Self-Harm in a Prison Population: Examining Group Risk for Suicide Attempt

Associations among Substance Use, Mental Health Disorders, and Self-Harm in a Prison Population: Examining Group Risk for Suicide Attempt

Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Cannabis Use

Suicide among people treated for drug use disorders: a Danish national record-linkage study

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