No abstract

Background and aimsImpulsivity is a risk factor for addictive behaviors. The UPPS-P impulsivity model has been associated with substance addiction and gambling disorder, but its role in other non-substance addiction-related behaviors is less understood. We sought to examine associations between UPPS-P impulsivity traits and indicators of multiple substance and non-substance addiction-related behaviors in youth with varying involvement in these behaviors.MethodsParticipants (N = 109, aged 16–26 years, 69% males) were selected from a national survey based on their level of externalizing problems to achieve a broad distribution of involvement in addiction-related behaviors. Participants completed the UPPS-P Questionnaire and standardized questionnaires assessing problematic use of substances (alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs) and non-substances (Internet gaming, pornography, and food). Regression analyses were used to assess associations between impulsivity traits and indicators of addiction-related behaviors.ResultsThe UPPS-P model was positively associated with indicators of all addiction-related behaviors except problematic Internet gaming. In the fully adjusted models, sensation seeking and lack of perseverance were associated with problematic use of alcohol, urgency was associated with problematic use of cannabis, and lack of perseverance was associated with problematic use of other drugs than cannabis. Furthermore, urgency and lack of perseverance were associated with binge eating and lack of perseverance was associated with problematic use of pornography.Discussion and conclusionsWe emphasize the role of trait impulsivity across multiple addiction-related behaviors. Our findings in at-risk youth highlight urgency and lack of perseverance as potential predictors for the development of addictions and as potential preventative therapeutic targets.

Analysis 01.01. Comparison 01 Case Management versus treatment as usual., Outcome 01 Illicit drug use outcomes Analysis 01.02. Comparison 01 Case Management versus treatment as usual., Outcome 02 Alcohol use outcomes. Analysis 01.04. Comparison 01 Case Management versus treatment as usual.

No abstract

Background: There is an increasing consensus in favour of integrated treatment of substance use disorders and co-morbid conditions, such as depression or anxiety. However, up till now no systematic reviews have been published.

BackgroundThe assessment of personality disorders (PD) is costly and time-consuming. There is a need for a brief screen for personality disorders that can be used in routine clinical settings and epidemiological surveys. Aims: To test the validity of the Standardised Assessment of Personality: Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS) as a screen for PD in a clinical sample of substance abusers.MethodsConvergent validity of the SAPAS with both categorical and dimensional representations of personality disorders was estimated.ResultsIn this sample, the SAPAS correlated well with dimensional representations of cluster A and C personality disorders, even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, anxiety/depression symptoms and recent substance use. The SAPAS was also significantly associated with total number of PD criteria, although correlation with categorical measures of PD was weak.ConclusionsThe SAPAS is an valid brief screen for PD as assessed dimensionally.

The present investigation was carried out to study the prevalence and clinical appearance of destructive periodontal disease in a school population of 15to 16-year old adolescents in Amsterdam. In addition the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was studied in those subjects showing attachment loss. Attachment loss was diagnosed in 230 of the 4565 subjects participating which is about 5% of the population studied. Within this population males were more frequently affected than females (P = 0.008). Extensive periodontal destruction was found in 16 subjects (0.3%). In this group a female/ male ratio was found of 1.3:1. As a result of the epidemiological survey, 105 subjects with attachment loss volunteered for further investigation. The results showed that presence of plaque, redness and swelling of the gingiva, and bleeding on probing were general phenomena. In addition, the bleeding/plaque ratio, as determined for each subject at sites without attachment loss, increased with the severity of periodontal disease as expressed by the number of sites with attachment loss (P = 0.0038) as well as by the amount of destruction at these sites (P = 0.002). A. actinomycetemcomitans could be identified in 18 of the 105 subjects with attachment loss. Analysis showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans was more frequently isolated in subjects with moderate to severe periodontal breakdown than in subjects with mild breakdown (P < 0.02). When estimating the percentage of juvenile Periodontitis patients on the basis of the classically accepted criteria, it seems likely that between 0.1% to 0.2% of the population in Amsterdam is suffering from this disease entity. (J Periodontol 1989;60:604-610.)

No abstract