The Association Between Acylcarnitine Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: The association between acylcarnitine metabolites and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate associations between acylcarnitines and CVD in Chinese patients with T2DM.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2015 to August 2016. Medical records of 741 patients with T2DM were retrieved from the main electronic database of Liaoning Medical University First Affiliated Hospital. CVD was defined as having either coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure (HF) or stroke. Mass Spectrometry was utilized to measure levels of 25 acylcarnitine metabolites in fasting plasma. Factor analysis was used to reduce the dimensions and extracted factors of the 25 acylcarnitine metabolites. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) of the factors extracted from the 25 acylcarnitine metabolites and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CVD.Results: Of the 741 patients with T2DM, 288 had CVD. Five factors were extracted from the 25 acylcarnitines and they accounted for 65.9% of the total variance. Factor 1 consisted of acetylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, hydroxylbutyrylcarnitine, glutarylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, octanoylcarnitine, and tetradecanoyldiacylcarnitine. Factor 2 consisted of decanoylcarnitine, lauroylcarnitine, myristoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxyltetradecanoylcarnitine, tetradecenoylcarnitine, and 3-hydroxypalmitoylcarnitine. After adjusting for potential confounders, increased factor 1 and 2 were associated with increased risks of CVD in T2DM (OR of factor 1: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03-2.03; OR of factor 2: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02-1.50).Conclusions: Elevated plasma levels of some acylcarnitine metabolites, i.e., those extracted into factor 1 and 2, were associated with CVD risk in T2DM.

Rapid and reversible control of human metabolism by individual sleep states

“…When b-oxidation of fatty acids is impaired or incomplete, this can lead to accumulation of ACs of different lengths. Such accumulation has been observed in patients suffering from metabolic diseases (Adams et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2020). While long-chain ACs originate predominately from lipid metabolism, short-chain ACs, especially propionylcarnitine, can also be derived from branched-chain amino acid catabolism (McCann et al, 2021).…”

Metabolic Signature of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

“…In addition, the literature reports an enhanced cardiovascular risk in the presence of impaired levels of circulating acylcarnitines [ 69 , 70 ]. Carnitines are small molecules that carry out a plethora of functions.…”

Correlation between Acylcarnitine and Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The scanning mode of the analyte was used, and the mobile phase load test component was an 80% acetonitrile solution. The Cambridge Laboratory (Tewkesbury, Massachusetts, USA) isotope-labelled acylcarnitine absolute quantitative internal standard was used [ 10 , 11 ].…”