The assessment of the kinematics of the rescuer in continuous chest compression during a 10-min simulation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Abstract

BackgroundIn pursuit of improvement in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), new technologies for the measurement and assessment of CPR quality are implemented. In our study, we assessed the kinematics of the rescuer during continuous chest compression (CCC–CPR). The proper performance of the procedure is a survival predictor for patients with cardiac arrest (CA). The purpose of the study was a prospective assessment of the kinematics of the rescuer’s body with consideration given to the depth and rate of chest compression (CC) as the indicator of properly performed CC maneuver by professional and non-professional rescuers during a simulation of a 10-min CCC using a manikin.MethodsForty participants were enrolled in the study. CCC–CPR was performed in accordance with the 2015 AHA guidelines on a manikin positioned on the floor. Kinematic data on the movement were obtained from the measuring system (X-sens MVN Biomech) transmitting information from 17 inertial sensors. Measurement data were imported to the author’s program RKO-Kinemat written in the Matlab and C # environments. Two groups of results were distinguished: Group I—results of CC with the depth of ≥ 40 mm and Group 2—CC results with the depth of < 40 mm.ResultsThe multiple regression model demonstrated that the path length, left knee flexion angle, and left elbow flexion angle were the essential elements of the rescuer’s kinematics that facilitated achieving and maintaining the normal depth of CC.ConclusionsWe believe that raising the rescuer’s hips by moving the center of the rescuer’s body over the point of sternal compression increases the value of the CC force vector, thereby increasing the depth of CC. In addition, we observed that, during an effective CC, the rescuer was unable to maintain arms straight and, in consequence, a slight elbow flexion was observed. It, however, did not influence the quality of the maneuver.

The feasibility of emergency medical technicians performing intermittent high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation

“…In clinical settings, rescuers usually have to perform CPR in a kneeling or standing posture with their hands on the patient's sternum while keeping the upper limbs upright 19 , 20 , which is a very physically exhausting posture and movement. It can be found that a progressive reduction in the percentage of correct chest compressions after 1 minute of chest compressions 15 , 21 , 22 .…”

Efetividade de vídeo educativo no conhecimento de leigos em sala de espera sobre a reanimação cardiopulmonar.

“…Outra questão que teve aumento do conhecimento após a intervenção educativa foi relacionada ao posicionamento correto próximo a vítima, que influencia na qualidade e eficácia das compressões, pois a profundidade é determinada pelo peso da massa corporal do socorrista, ao posicionar com os braços perpendiculares ao tórax 23 .…”

The Impact of CPR Position (Kneeling, Footstool and Standing Beside Bed) on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: A Literature Review

“…This is related to the helper is possible not to keep his arms straight so that it will form movement in the elbow area. Bucki et al (2019) explain that movement in the elbow area does not affect the quality of the maneuver during compression. This research shows that the movement of a small elbow can reduce fatigue during chest compression procedures.…”

“…The kneeling position becomes the position that has the smallest elbow movement compared to the standing position on the footstool and standing position on the floor. According to Bucki, Waniczek, Michnik, et al (2019), elbow movements are common when compressing the chest. This is related to the helper is possible not to keep his arms straight so that it will form movement in the elbow area.…”