The Assessment of Sultriness. Part I: A Temperature-Humidity Index Based on Human Physiology and Clothing Science

Steadman, Robert G.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1979)018<0861:taospi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 845 publications

(595 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These temperature changes are accompanied by changes in relative humidity, and both are significant for understanding impacts on human health due to heat exposure (Steadman 1979). The heat index is a convenient way to represent the combination of changes in these two factors for human comfort and health.…”

Section: Near-surface Air Temperature and Heat Indexmentioning

confidence: 95%

Northern African climate at the end of the twenty-first century: an integrated application of regional and global climate models

2009

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A method for simulating future climate on regional space scales is developed and applied to northern Africa. Simulation with a regional model allows for the horizontal resolution needed to resolve the region's strong meridional gradients and the optimization of parameterizations and land-surface model. The control simulation is constrained by reanalysis data, and realistically represents the present day climate. Atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) output provides SST and lateral boundary condition anomalies for 2081-2100 under a business-as-usual emissions scenario, and the atmospheric CO 2 concentration is increased to 757 ppmv. A ninemember ensemble of future climate projections is generated by using output from nine AOGCMs. The consistency of precipitation projections for the end of the twenty-first century is much greater for the regional model ensemble than among the AOGCMs. More than 77% of ensemble members produce the same sign rainfall anomaly over much of northern Africa. For West Africa, the regional model projects wetter conditions in spring, but a midsummer drought develops during June and July, and the heat stoke risk increases across the Sahel. Wetter conditions resume in late summer, and the likelihood of flooding increases. The regional model generally projects wetter conditions over eastern Central Africa in June and drying during August through September. Severe drought impacts parts of East Africa in late summer. Conditions become wetter in October, but the enhanced rainfall does not compensate for the summertime deficit. The risk of heat stroke increases over this region, although the threat is not projected to be as great as in the Sahel.

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Section: Near-surface Air Temperature and Heat Indexmentioning

confidence: 95%

Northern African climate at the end of the twenty-first century: an integrated application of regional and global climate models

2009

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“…In terms of environmental health research, the work carried by Steadman [11] provides the basis for the so called Steadman's apparent temperature. It translates the combined effect of relative humidity and temperature into a scale called heat index that has the same units of temperature.…”

Section: Heat Index Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors pointed out that NWS algorithm [12], presented in the flowchart below (Fig.2), had the best fit Steadman's table [11], and as a result it was chosen to calculate heat index in the present work. It is worth highlighting that initially heat index values were calculated using temperature unit measured in degrees Fahrenheit.…”

Section: Heat Index Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrofitted green roofs and walls and improvements in thermal comfort

Feitosa¹,

Wilkinson²

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Increased urbanization has led to a worsening in the quality of life for many people living in large cities in respect of the urban heat island effect and increases of indoor temperatures in housing and other buildings. A solution may be to retrofit existing environments to their former conditions, with a combination of green infrastructures applied to existing walls and rooftops. Retrofitted green roofs may attenuate housing temperature. However, with tall buildings, facade areas are much larger compared to rooftop areas, the role of green walls in mitigating extreme temperatures is more pronounced. Thus, the combination of green roofs and green walls is expected to promote a better thermal performance in the building envelope. For this purpose, a modular vegetated system is adopted for covering both walls and rooftops. Rather than temperature itself, the heat index, which comprises the combined effect of temperature and relative humidity is used in the evaluation of thermal comfort in small scale experiments performed in SydneyAustralia, where identical timber framed structures prototypes (vegetated and non-vegetated) are compared. The results have shown a different understanding of thermal comfort improvement regarding heat index rather than temperature itself. The combination of green roof and walls has a valid role to play in heat index attenuation.

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“…However, it is not clear whether these models can be applied to outdoor environments or not, as these have been developed for indoor environments. For outdoor environments, the Steadman Apparent Temperature by Steadman (1979), physiological equivalent temperature (PET) by Hoeppe (1999) and Matzarakis et al (1999) and Out SET * by Pickup and de Dear (1999), Expected Thermal Sensation by Kuwabara et al (2005) have been proposed as new thermal indices. The accuracy of these models should be examined from the viewpoint of human thermal physiology for hot outdoor environments.…”

Section: Human Thermal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development of assessment tools for urban climate and heat‐island investigation especially based on experiences in Japan

Ooka

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Abstract:In recent years, problems concerning the urban climate-including the urban heat-island effect and urban air pollution -have attracted much attention in terms of the widespread urbanization in many parts of the world, including Japan. Assessment tools for urban climate are very important to understand effective countermeasures for heat-island mitigation. In this paper, various assessment tools are introduced and classified according to corresponding modelling scales. Special attention is given to the recent progress in Japan. It is shown that these assessment tools are very powerful at estimating the effectiveness of countermeasures. Furthermore, these assessment tools should become design tools for practical applications in the future.

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The Assessment of Sultriness. Part I: A Temperature-Humidity Index Based on Human Physiology and Clothing Science

Cited by 845 publications

References 6 publications

Northern African climate at the end of the twenty-first century: an integrated application of regional and global climate models

Northern African climate at the end of the twenty-first century: an integrated application of regional and global climate models

Retrofitted green roofs and walls and improvements in thermal comfort

Recent development of assessment tools for urban climate and heat‐island investigation especially based on experiences in Japan

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