The Assessment of Green Water Based on the SWAT Model: A Case Study in the Hai River Basin, China

Zhu, Kun; Xie, Zibo; Zhao, Yingdong; Lü, Fan; Song, Xinyi; Li, Lu; Song, Xinshan

doi:10.3390/w10060798

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Zhao et al [13] leveraged the SWAT model to analyze the spatial and temporal difference of blue and green water resources in the Weihe River basin in typical years. Zhu et al [14] using the SWAT model simulated the HRB, putting forward effective measures for the management of green water resources. On this basis, they studied the effects of climate variability and human activities in the past 30 years on blue and green water resources in the river basin and pointed out that human activities led to changes in blue-green water resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Effect of Land Use Change and Climate Variability on Green Water Resources in the Xihe River Basin, Northeast China

et al. 2019

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Based on a land use interpretation and distributed hydrological model, soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), this study simulated the hydrological cycle in Xihe River Basin in northern China. In addition, the influence of climate variability and land use change on green water resources in the basin from 1995 to 2015 was analyzed. The results show that (1) The E NS (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) and R 2 (coefficient of determination) were 0.94 and 0.89, respectively, in the calibration period, and 0.89 and 0.88, respectively, in the validation period. These indicate high simulation accuracy; (2) Changes in green water flow and green water storage due to climate variability accounted for increases of 2.07 mm/a and 1.28 mm/a, respectively. The relative change rates were 0.49% and 0.9%, respectively, and the green water coefficient decreased by 1%; (3) Changes in green water flow and green water storage due to land use change accounted for increases of 69.15 mm and 48.82 mm, respectively. The relative change rates were 16.4% and 37.2%, respectively, and the green water coefficient increased by 10%; (4) Affected by both climate variability and land use change, green water resources increased by 121.3 mm and the green water coefficient increased by 9% in the Xihe River Basin. It is noteworthy that the influence of land use change was greater than that of climate variability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Effect of Land Use Change and Climate Variability on Green Water Resources in the Xihe River Basin, Northeast China

et al. 2019

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“…The SWAT model, which is a semi-physically-based, semi-distributed and basin-scale model, is widely applied for water quantity assessment in many countries. For example, it was used in the studies conducted in the United States (Veettil & Mishra 2016), Brazil (Rodrigues et al 2014), India (Gosain et al 2011), China (Zang & Liu 2013;Zhu et al 2018) and Iran (Faramarzi 2010;Afshar et al 2018). In SWAT, a basin can be divided into several subbasins according to the DEM data.…”

Section: Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model And Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential influence of climate and land-use changes on green water security in a semi-arid catchment

Abbasi

Amirabadizadeh

Afshar

et al. 2021

Journal of Water and Climate Change

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Temporal and spatial changes of green water (GW) security due to climate and land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes can be used to make the best decision for sustainable GW management. In this study, simultaneous effects of climate and LULC changes on water resources in Kashafrood Basin were evaluated by Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Land change modeler was set up to monitor LULC, assess changes and make predictions. The MIROC-ESM model derived from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) emission scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 was applied to evaluate the effects of climate change. Two indices of GW-Scarcity and GW-Vulnerability, representing GW-Security, were quantified using the GW-Footprint concept in Kashafrood Basin. The results show that the annual average of blue water was predicted to increase by 142–350%, and GW storage and the annual averages of GW flow were predicted to decrease by 12–65 and 8–20%, respectively, depending on emission scenarios and time. The GW-Security estimates in the entire basin suggest a better condition in the future by indicating 24–45 and 16–52% decreases in GW-Scarcity and GW-Vulnerability, respectively, depending on emission scenarios and time.

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“…Based on the results of previous studies [19], the relationship between blue and green water and their respective components in this study is expressed as follows:…”

Section: Swat Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where BWF is the blue water flow (mm), the total volume of water entering the river from the HRU to the subbasin during the time step; SURQ, LATQ, and GWQ are the surface runoff, lateral flow, and groundwater flow, respectively, that flow into the channel over the time step (mm); GWF is the green water flow, the actual amount of evapotranspiration over the time step (mm); CGW is the consumed green water, the amount of evapotranspiration from farmland, grassland, and forestland (mm); NGW is the nonutilized green water, the amount of evapotranspiration from cities and water bodies (mm) [19]; and GWS is the green water storage and indicates the soil water content (SW), i.e., the amount of water stored in the soil profile over the time step (mm). The sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2) method in the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (CUP) was used for model calibration and validation, using the P-factor and R-factor to measure the effects of model rate-setting and uncertainty analysis [32].…”

Section: Swat Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Blue and Green Water: A Case Study of the Upper Ganjiang River Basin, China

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2020

Water

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Quantitatively figuring out the effects of climate and land-use change on water resources and their components is essential for water resource management. This study investigates the effects of climate and land-use change on blue and green water and their components in the upper Ganjiang River basin from the 1980s to the 2010s by comparing the simulated changes in blue and green water resources by using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model forced by five climate and land-use scenarios. The results suggest that the blue water flow (BWF) decreased by 86.03 mm year−1, while green water flow (GWF) and green water storage (GWS) increased by 8.61 mm year−1 and 12.51 mm year−1, respectively. The spatial distribution of blue and green water was impacted by climate, wind direction, topography, and elevation. Climate change was the main factor affecting blue and green water resources in the basin; land-use change had strong effects only locally. Precipitation changes significantly amplified the BWF changes. The proportion of surface runoff in BWF was positively correlated with precipitation changes; lateral flow showed the opposite tendency. Higher temperatures resulted in increased GWF and decreased BWF, both of which were most sensitive to temperature increases up to 1 °C. All agricultural land and forestland conversion scenarios resulted in decreased BWF and increased GWF in the watershed. GWS was less affected by climate and land-use change than GWF and BWF, and the trends in GWS were not significant. The study provides a reference for blue and green water resource management in humid areas.

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The Assessment of Green Water Based on the SWAT Model: A Case Study in the Hai River Basin, China

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Quantifying the Effect of Land Use Change and Climate Variability on Green Water Resources in the Xihe River Basin, Northeast China

Quantifying the Effect of Land Use Change and Climate Variability on Green Water Resources in the Xihe River Basin, Northeast China

Potential influence of climate and land-use changes on green water security in a semi-arid catchment

Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Blue and Green Water: A Case Study of the Upper Ganjiang River Basin, China

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