The assessment of fungal bioaerosols in the crypt of St. Peter in Perugia (Italy)

Ruga, Luigia; Orlandi, Fabio; Romano, Bruno; Fornaciari, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.12.010

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The domination of the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Penicillium across all seasons in our study coincides with the findings reported for similar sacral ambients, especially European churches and monasteries in temperate climates (Penicillium and Aspergillus) (3) and across all climates (Alternaria and Cladosporium) (3,5,8,28,39). From the conservation point of view, their dominance in the air of the nave and exonarthex is quite problematic, given that they are considered the main cause of mural deterioration (40).…”

Section: Fungal Air Contaminationsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In recent years, monitoring of fungal propagules in the indoor environment of cultural heritage objects such as churches, museums, libraries, and archives has become an important part of preventive conservation (5)(6)(7)(8). Regardless of the growing interest, monitoring studies of this type have been scarce in Serbia, and none had been conducted in sacral complexes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seasonal diversity of biodeteriogenic, pathogenic, and toxigenic constituents of airborne mycobiota in a sacral environment

Unković¹,

Dimkić

Stanković

et al. 2018

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The main purpose of this study was to isolate airborne fungi and assess seasonal variations in air contamination with their particulates by determining the levels of their propagules in the nave and exonarthex of a church. We also monitored indoor microclimate as a determining factor for fungal proliferation on wall paintings, spore release, and transmission through the air. The temperature and relative humidity of the nave favoured fungal growth. A total of 33 fungi were isolated, mainly of the phylum Ascomycota, and to the lesser extent of the phyla Zygomycota and Basidiomycota. The most common were the fungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus (23.55 % and 20.58 %, respectively). Sørensen’s quotient of similarity (0.37) suggests moderate species overlap and constant exchange of fungal propagules between the nave and exonarthex. The autumn had the highest diversity, with 17 documented taxa, followed by the summer and the winter. The spring had only eight taxa. Quantitative analysis of the airborne mycobiota in the nave (430±84.85 to 1880±106.07 CFU m-3) and exonarthex (715±59.62 to 2295±91.92 CFU m-3) showed very high contamination throughout the year, with values exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations by most standards. Many of the fungi determined in this study are known for their biodeteriogenic, toxigenic, and allergenic properties, and are a threat not only to occasional visitors and staff, but also to valuable works of art decorating nave walls.

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Section: Fungal Air Contaminationsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal diversity of biodeteriogenic, pathogenic, and toxigenic constituents of airborne mycobiota in a sacral environment

Unković¹,

Dimkić

Stanković

et al. 2018

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…Similarly as for churches, literature information on the concentrations of microbial aerosol in crypts is very scarce. The ranges recorded in our study are much lower than the concentration of fungal aerosol observed by Ruga et al (2015) in the Crypt of St. Peter in Perugia (323-3908 CFU/m 3 in the internal part of the crypt).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Concentration and size distribution of microbial aerosol in the historical objects in Kraków as a potential health risk and biodeterioration factor

2019

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Historical facilities such as churches, crypts, libraries and museums are crucial for preserving cultural heritage but at the same time, they are frequently visited tourist objects and working environment. The aim of this study was to assess whether there are differences in the concentration and size distribution of bacterial and fungal aerosol in the mentioned groups of historical objects in Kraków, as well as to determine if there is tendency for seasonal fluctuations of bioaerosol concentrations, and what environmental parameters affect them most significantly. The concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosol were measured in ten historical objectschurches, crypts, libraries and museums-using a sixstage Andersen impactor. Microbiological analyses were accompanied by measurements of particulate matter (PM 10 , PM 4 , PM 2.5 and PM 1) and microclimatic parameters. The results showed that the studied objects differ in terms of bioaerosol levels, but the differences were not drastic and in terms of bacterial aerosol concentrations the objects can be arranged as follows: churches [ libraries [ museums [ crypts, while for fungal aerosol the order would be: churches [ museums [ crypts [ libraries. The concentrations of bioaerosol did not exceed the safety levels for human exposure, but the levels suggesting possible threat of biodeterioration and the presence of internal source of contamination were exceeded in nearly all sites. The share of respirable fraction of bioaerosol was high (42.1-90.5% for bacteria and 80.7-94.7% for fungi). Bioaerosol concentration was most significantly associated with indoor temperature, and the impact of particulate matter was only moderate.

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“…The species are actively involved in the colonization of the archaeological bones in the storage rooms and their presence was frequently reported in indoor air (Ruga et al . ; Verdier et al . ), and on objects with historical importance (Foladi et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring post‐excavation degradation potential of fungal communities associated with archaeological human remains

et al. 2018

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Fungal communities associated with three osteoarchaeological samples from distinct archaeological sites (Tărian, Turdaş, Feleacu) in Transylvania, Romania, characterized by similar environmental conditions (wet soils), different historical age and amount of time spent in storage, were examined in order to register site-versus storage-specific species. Physical anthropological taphonomic scoring was correlated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indices in order to characterize mineral and organic bone fraction fluctuations relative to historical age. Molecular-based species/genera identifications and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations were carried out for the confirmation of dominant taxonomic items.

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The assessment of fungal bioaerosols in the crypt of St. Peter in Perugia (Italy)

Cited by 29 publications

References 52 publications

Seasonal diversity of biodeteriogenic, pathogenic, and toxigenic constituents of airborne mycobiota in a sacral environment

Seasonal diversity of biodeteriogenic, pathogenic, and toxigenic constituents of airborne mycobiota in a sacral environment

Concentration and size distribution of microbial aerosol in the historical objects in Kraków as a potential health risk and biodeterioration factor

Exploring post‐excavation degradation potential of fungal communities associated with archaeological human remains

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