The Aristolochic Acids and Aristolactams

Mix, David B.; Guinaudeau, Hélène; Shamma, Maurice

doi:10.1021/np50024a001

Cited by 114 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…are used for medicinal purposes worldwide. Many herbs from theAsarum, both belonging to the family of the Aristolochaceae, contain several aristolochic acids (AAs) often accompanied by aristolactams [2][3][4]. Literature on the toxicity of the Aristolochiaceae and related analytical papers mostly focus on a naturally occurring mixture of AAs mainly consisting of AA I and AA II (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enforcement of the ban on aristolochic acids in Chinese traditional herbal preparations on the Dutch market

et al. 2007

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In traditional chinese medicine several Aristolochia species are used. Aristolochia spp. contain a mixture of aristolochic acids (AAs), mainly AA I and AA II which are nephrotoxicants and carcinogens. After AA-related nephropathy (AAN) and urothelial cancer were described in female patients in Belgium following intake of AA-contaminated herbal preparations, herbs with AAs were prohibited worldwide. Confusing nomenclature can cause AA contamination of certain Chinese traditional herbal preparations (THPs). Here we report the results of investigations by the Dutch Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (VWA) into the presence of AAs in THPs sampled on the Dutch market using a liquid-chromatography--mass spectrometry method. Between 2002 and 2006 we sampled 190 Chinese THPs using recent information on Chinese THPs potentially containing AAs. AA I was found in 25 samples up to a concentration of 1,676 mg/kg. AA II was also found in 13 of these samples up to 444 mg/kg. All 25 positive samples including Mu Tong, Fang Ji, Tian Xian Teng and Xi Xin were part of a group of 68 THPs identified as possibly containing AAs. In a worst-case scenario, use of a sample of Mu Tong with the highest AA content over a 7-day period would result in the same intake levels of AAs which significantly raised the cancer risk in the Belgian AAN cases. Our results show that contaminated THPs still can be found on the market following worldwide publicity. Therefore, it can be concluded that testing of possibly AAcontaminated THPs is still essential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enforcement of the ban on aristolochic acids in Chinese traditional herbal preparations on the Dutch market

et al. 2007

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“…This study led to the isolation of (-)-eudesmin (1), (+)-methylpiperitol (2), (-)-hinokinin (4), cubebin (5), and sitosterol (6), whose occurrence is common in the Aristolochiaceae [3][4][5][6] . In addition, β-sitosteryl-D-glucoside (7), isovanillic acid (8), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (9) and piperitol (3) were isolated, together with thalipholine (10), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (11), tyrosol (12), icariside D2 (13), salidroside (14), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol (15), thalictoside (17) and its corresponding aglycone (16). Although aliphatic nitro compounds are unusual in nature 7 , the occurrence of nitrophenanthrene alkaloids is widespread in the Aristolochiaceae 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkamides and phenethyl derivatives from Aristolochia gehrtii

Navickiene¹,

Lopes²

2001

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foram isolados de galhos de Aristolochia gehrtii a cis-N-feruloil-3-O-metildopamina, um derivado hemiacetálico do 5-hidroximetilfurfural, e vinte e dois compostos conhecidos. Entre estes compostos estão cinco lignanas, três terpenos, seis alcalóides dos quais cinco são alcamidas, dois derivados do ácido benzóico e seis derivados constituídos pelo grupo feniletil. As estruturas dos compostos isolados foram determinadas por métodos espectroscópicos e comparação de dados físicos e espectroscópicos dos compostos com aqueles disponíveis na literatura.From the stems of Aristolochia gehrtii, the cis-N-feruloyl-3-O-methyldopamine and a hemiacetal derivative of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were isolated, together with twenty-two known compounds. These compounds include five lignans, three terpenes, six alkaloids (five alkamides), two benzoic acid derivatives, and six phenethyl derivatives. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by means of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.

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“…The distribution of AAs in the Aristolochia species studied so far is far from homogeneous. For example, phenolic AAs are not widely distributed in these species, according to two reviews that examine reports of the AA composition of 43 species of Aristolochia up to the year 2003 11,12 . This review indicates that AA-I (1) has been observed in 39 species; AA-II (2), 16; AA-III (3), seven; AA-IV (4), eight; AA-IIIa (6), 16; AA-IVa (7), 16; and AA-Ia (5), only two.…”

Section: Results and Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there is a nearly complete lack of information on the chemical composition of AAs in the host plants of Aristolochia-feeders. For example, the chemical composition of AAs is known for only five of the 29 species of Aristolochia reported to be host plants for Battus polydamas (Linnaeus) [11][12][13] . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aristolochic Acids From Aristolochia Bridgesii, a Host-Plant of Battus Polydamas Archidamas

Urzúa

Santander

Sotés

2009

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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The present study confirms the hypothesis that aristolochic acids are present in Aristolochia bridgesii. The chemical composition of aristolochic acids in this species is qualitatively similar to that of Aristolochia chilensis, with the two species differing only in the total amount of aristolochic acids present, and in the relative proportions of each aristolochic acid. These results are consistent with the fact that the two Aristolochia species in Chile both serve as host plants to Battus polydamas archidamas (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, Troidinii).

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The Aristolochic Acids and Aristolactams

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Enforcement of the ban on aristolochic acids in Chinese traditional herbal preparations on the Dutch market

Enforcement of the ban on aristolochic acids in Chinese traditional herbal preparations on the Dutch market

Alkamides and phenethyl derivatives from Aristolochia gehrtii

Aristolochic Acids From Aristolochia Bridgesii, a Host-Plant of Battus Polydamas Archidamas

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