The Archaic Barbiturate Hypnotics

Koch‐Weser, Jan; Greenblatt, David J.

doi:10.1056/nejm197410102911512

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…1), and this action is associated with a depression of CNS (Willianson et al, 1996). Sodium pentobarbital is a barbiturate that induces sleep in both rodents and humans, this test is a classic method used to screen sedative-hypnotic drugs and substances that enhance the effect of pentobarbital can be considerate as sedative (Koch-Weser and Greenblatt, 1974). The data obtained with IT-EM are similar to those reported for jalapin of Ipomoea stans , indicating the sedative effect of these resin glycosides.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Sedative, vasorelaxant, and cytotoxic effects of convolvulin from Ipomoea tyrianthina

León‐Rivera

Herrera-Ruíz²,

Estrada‐Soto

et al. 2011

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Sedative, vasorelaxant, and cytotoxic effects of convolvulin from Ipomoea tyrianthina

León‐Rivera

Herrera-Ruíz²,

Estrada‐Soto

et al. 2011

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…The hypnotic effect of ZMS extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable to those of diazepam (0.2 mg/kg). Sodium pentobarbital is a drug in barbiturate group that can induce the sleep in both rodents and humans [15]. It is well known that many drugs such as benzodiazepines and sodium pentobarbital possess anxiolytic and sedative effects [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Phenolics and Total Flavonoids Contents and Hypnotic Effect in Mice ofZiziphus mauritianaLam. Seed Extract

San

Thongpraditchote²,

Sithisarn³

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. have been traditionally used for treatment of various complications including insomnia and anxiety. They are popularly used as sedative and hypnotic drugs in China, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other Asian countries. However, no scientific proof on hypnotic activity of Z. mauritiana seeds (ZMS) was reported. In this study, the hypnotic activity of 50% ethanolic extract from ZMS was observed on the loss of righting reflex in mice using pentobarbital-induced sleep mice method. The contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids in the extract were also determined. The results showed that the 50% ethanolic extract from ZMS contained total phenolics 27.62 ± 1.43 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract and total flavonoids 0.74 ± 0.03 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract. Oral administration of the extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly increased the sleeping time in mice intraperitoneally administered with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg body weight). These results supported the traditional use of ZMS for the treatment of insomnia. The seeds of Z. mauritiana should be further developed as an alternative sedative and/or hypnotic product.

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“…The availability of barbiturate hypnotics can be judged from the fact that in 1973 over 20 million prescriptions were filled in American retail pharmacies, and about half of these drugs were given specifically for hypnotic purposes (11). Koch‐Weser and Greenblatt (11) believe that “the use of barbiturates is decreasing both here and abroad, but slowly.” Foreign observers have also noted a decrease in the prescribing of barbiturates. In Britain, prescriptions for barbiturates decreased from 17.2 million in 1964 to 13.1 million in 1970, a reduction of approximately 25 per cent.…”

Section: The Role Of Barbiturates and Psychotherapeutic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide by Overdoses of Medicines Among the Aged†

Benson

Brodie

1975

J American Geriatrics Society

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The current literature on suicide by medicinal overdose among the elderly population of the United States and Britain is discussed. The older white male is a high risk in this regard. Physical and mental illnesses contribute to the problem of suicide among the aged, and some of the drugs prescribed for treatment (e.g., barbiturates and psychotherapeutic agents) are often accessible to the older person for misuse in suicide. The responsibilities of the prescribing physician and the practices of the dispensing pharmacist are considered in relation to the exposure of the elderly patient to potentially lethal drugs. Prediction of suicidal attitudes in the elderly is complicated by the fact that any attempt at suicide usually is serious and rarely preceded by gestures. Depression, based on social factors, is common among older people. Some of them face problems of declining income and prestige, as well as a loss of physical and mental powers. A change in the attitude of society towards the elderly may help to alleviate the depressive state which so often contributes to the suicidal potential.

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The Archaic Barbiturate Hypnotics

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Sedative, vasorelaxant, and cytotoxic effects of convolvulin from Ipomoea tyrianthina

Sedative, vasorelaxant, and cytotoxic effects of convolvulin from Ipomoea tyrianthina

Total Phenolics and Total Flavonoids Contents and Hypnotic Effect in Mice ofZiziphus mauritianaLam. Seed Extract

Suicide by Overdoses of Medicines Among the Aged†

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