Total Phenolics and Total Flavonoids Contents and Hypnotic Effect in Mice ofZiziphus mauritianaLam. Seed Extract

Abstract

The seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. have been traditionally used for treatment of various complications including insomnia and anxiety. They are popularly used as sedative and hypnotic drugs in China, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other Asian countries. However, no scientific proof on hypnotic activity of Z. mauritiana seeds (ZMS) was reported. In this study, the hypnotic activity of 50% ethanolic extract from ZMS was observed on the loss of righting reflex in mice using pentobarbital-induced sleep mice method. The contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids in the extract were also determined. The results showed that the 50% ethanolic extract from ZMS contained total phenolics 27.62 ± 1.43 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract and total flavonoids 0.74 ± 0.03 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract. Oral administration of the extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly increased the sleeping time in mice intraperitoneally administered with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg body weight). These results supported the traditional use of ZMS for the treatment of insomnia. The seeds of Z. mauritiana should be further developed as an alternative sedative and/or hypnotic product.

Immobilization of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase on polyaniline coated silver nanoparticles formed by green synthesis

“…Therefore, we have synthesized the AgNPs by using the aqueous extract of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit. This plant is known to contain various organic compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids [37]. Time and extract dilution approach was employed to form NPs by reducing AgNO 3 solution at 1:3 dilution of the extract : AgNO 3 solution.…”

Gallic Acid Regulates Skin Photoaging in UVB‐exposed Fibroblast and Hairless Mice

“…Gallic acid (3,4,5,‐trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA), a phenolic compound naturally produced in plants, is widely found in green tea (Botten et al ., ), Rhus verniciflua (Liu et al ., ), Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. seed (San et al ., ), and other natural sources. GA, which protects against oxidative damage induced by ROS, is used as an antioxidant additive in food and in the pharmaceutical industry (Fiuza et al ., ).…”

Emerging CAM Ziziphus nummularia with in vivo sedative-hypnotic, antipyretic and analgesic attributes

“…They are often processed into pulps, polysaccharides, antioxidants, pickles, jam, fermented (masau) (Adeli and Samavati 2014 ; Li et al 2014 ; Elaloui et al 2015 ). Usage of this genus as dietary supplements and herbal medicines in Tunisia (Elaloui et al 2015 ), China (Plastina et al 2012 ), Japan (Oshima et al 2015 ), Korea (Kim et al 2013 ), and other Asian countries (San et al 2013 ) have been well-documented (Chen et al 2014b ). Many of the folkloric practices have been empirically validated now.…”

“…The verified health benefits include antioxidant (Olajuyigbe and Afolayan 2011 ; Chen et al 2014c ), anti-inflammation (Yu et al 2012 ), antibacterial and antifungal (Ghazghazi et al 2014 ), antiulcerogenic (Wahida et al 2007 ), immunomodulatory (Chen et al 2014a ), diabetes ameliorating (Goli-malekabadi et al 2014 ), hepatoprotective (Kwape et al 2013 ; Yue et al 2014 ), hematopoietic (Chen et al 2014b ), antimutagenic (Boriollo et al 2014 ), cytotoxic (Jafarian et al 2014 ), and sedative-hypnotic (Gao et al 2013a ). The plant parts conferring the biological effects are diverse such as leaves (Nisar et al 2007 ; Kwape et al 2013 ; Goyal et al 2013 ), fruits (Plastina et al 2012 ; Chen et al 2014a , b , c ), seeds (Cao et al 2010 ; San et al 2013 ; Gao et al 2013a ), bark (Olajuyigbe and Afolayan 2011 ; Boriollo et al 2014 ) and root (Rao et al 2012 ).…”

“…However, there is no information of its beneficial role in insomnia, anxiety, pain, and fever. Though, some other species of Ziziphus genus have been proven effective in easing those ailments such as Z. jujube (Jiang et al 2007 ; Cao et al 2010 ; Yeung et al 2012 ; Awad et al 2014 ), Z. oxyphylla Edgew (Nisar et al 2007 ; Kaleem et al 2013 ), Z. mauritiana (San et al 2013 ). So, this in vivo study was undertaken to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic, antipyretic and analgesic activities of Z .…”