The Archaeology of the Atlantic Northeast

Hrynick, M. Gabriel; Betts, Matthew W.

doi:10.3138/9781487587970

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This means that coastal archaeological sites cover this time span, as earlier settlement sites were eroded and drowned during the Holocene marine transgression (Shaw et al 2009;Kelley et al 2013). The earliest human presence likely occurred after the last Ice age ∼13,000 BP (Spiess et al 1990;Betts and Hrynick 2021), with places such as the Turner Farm in Penobscot Bay (Bourque et al 2008), Passamaquoddy Bay in the Outer Bay of Fundy Milewski 2002, 2004), and Port Joli on the Atlantic shore of Nova Scotia (Betts et al 2011(Betts et al , 2017 (Fig. 1) occupied repeatedly over the past ∼4500, ∼4000, and ∼2000 years, respectively.…”

Section: Focus Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) occupied repeatedly over the past ∼4500, ∼4000, and ∼2000 years, respectively. This pre-Colonial period ended with the arrival of Europeans beginning in the ∼1500s (Lotze and Milewski 2004;Lotze 2010;Betts and Hrynick 2021). Since then, the region has experienced major changes in human population growth, land and coastal transformation, technology and industrialization, and fishing intensity (Lotze and Milewski 2004;Rosenberg et al 2005;Bourque et al 2008;Lotze 2010).…”

Section: Focus Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term ocean and resource dynamics in a hotspot of climate change

Lotze

Mellon

Coyne

et al. 2022

FACETS

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The abundance, distribution, and size of marine species are linked to temperature and nutrient regimes and are profoundly affected by humans through exploitation and climate change. Yet little is known about long-term historical links between ocean environmental changes and resource abundance to provide context for current and potential future trends and inform conservation and management. We synthesize >4000 years of climate and marine ecosystem dynamics in a Northwest Atlantic region currently undergoing rapid changes, the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. This period spans the late Holocene cooling and recent warming and includes both Indigenous and European influence. We compare environmental records from instrumental, sedimentary, coral, and mollusk archives with ecological records from fossils, archaeological, historical, and modern data, and integrate future model projections of environmental and ecosystem changes. This multidisciplinary synthesis provides insight into multiple reference points and shifting baselines of environmental and ecosystem conditions, and projects a near-future departure from natural climate variability in 2028 for the Scotian Shelf and 2034 for the Gulf of Maine. Our work helps advancing integrative end-to-end modeling to improve the predictive capacity of ecosystem forecasts with climate change. Our results can be used to adjust marine conservation strategies and network planning and adapt ecosystem-based management with climate change.

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