The archaeology of complex hunter-gatherers

Arnold, Jeanne E.

doi:10.1007/bf02228931

Cited by 152 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Coastal hunter-gatherers sometimes have 275 relatively high levels of craft specialization (Arnold, 1992), and large network sizes with coastal 276 goods such as shells sometimes being traded vast distances (Arnold and Walsh, 2010). Hunter-277 gatherer societies that reach the level of being "complex hunter-gatherers" (Arnold, 1996) are 278 often heavily reliant on aquatic and/or coastal resources. 279…”

Section: How Do We Define a Coastal Adaptation? 154mentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins and significance of coastal resource use in Africa and Western Eurasia

Marean

2014

Journal of Human Evolution

172

155

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Section: How Do We Define a Coastal Adaptation? 154mentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins and significance of coastal resource use in Africa and Western Eurasia

Marean

2014

Journal of Human Evolution

172

155

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“…Although the overwhelming theoretical thrust of studies of hunter-gatherer resource use, land tenure, and territoriality is on evolutionary and behavioral ecology (e.g., Bettinger, 1991;Casimir and Rao, 1992;Dyson-Hudson and Smith, 1978;Eerkens, 1999;Kelly, 2007;Kornfeld, 2003;Winterhalder and Smith, 1981;Surovell, 2000), a growing interest in the emergence of hunter-gatherer complexity has brought a host of other facets of land and resource use to bear on the issue of territorial organization; in particular, the dynamics of unequal access to vital resources and its social and political consequences (e.g., Ames, 1991;Arnold, 1996;Fitzhugh, 2003;Prentiss and Kuijt, 2004;Price and Brown, 1985;Sassaman, 2004). These studies expand the sociopolitical dimensions of human-land interaction of past and present foragers, offering a fresh processual take on social evolution because they demonstrate that hunter-gatherer trajectories do not preclude the development of territoriality.…”

Section: Debating Hunter-gatherer Territorial Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mid-range investments are critical to the understanding of hunter organization because they mediate and regulate socio-economic relationships (e.g., sharing, reciprocity, gifting, redistribution, division of labor, unequal access) (Arnold, 1996). Mid-range investments are materially expressed in campsite layout; household size, shape, and internal space division; possession, exchange, and display of inalienable objects and other valuables; erection of in-life and after-death memorial monuments; and boundary marking.…”

Section: Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of whether the research focus is on evolutionary ecology (Bettinger, 1991;Winterhalder and Smith, 1981), early colonization of continents (Meltzer, 2009), transition to agriculture (Price and Gerbauer, 1995), interethnic relationships (Kent, 2002), social complexity (Arnold, 1996;Chapman, 2003;Sassaman, 2004) or ancient and modern state formation (Layton, 2001;Wolf, 1981), the interest in understanding long-term evolutionary trends in human society inevitably brings scholars to take yet another look at the theoretical and empirical foundation that hunter-gatherer organization provides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agency and politics in hunter-gatherer territory formation

Zedeño

Anderson

2010

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Discussions of territoriality in prehistory that link ownership, exclusion, and privilege to the development of complex social systems are seldom relevant for explaining hunter-gatherer territorial organization. It is necessary, therefore, to address huntergatherer territoriality from a perspective that is uniquely tailored to their land use patterns, social networks, and political agencies. By building a model of territory formation that explicitly incorporates mobility and other key aspects of hunter-gatherer lifeways, this article demonstrates that political territoriality is present at the time of first arrival of a human group into an uninhabited area, developing and expanding through time. A brief example from the initial colonization of North America illustrates main points.Key woRDS: territory formation, hunter-gatherers, Paleoindian, agency, mobility ReSUMoDiscussões sobre territorialidade na pré-história que ligam propriedade, exclusão e privilégio ao desenvolvimento de sistemas sociais complexos são raramente relevantes para explicar a organização territorial de caçadores-coletores. Portanto, é necessário abordar a territorialidade de caçadores-coletores de uma perspectiva que é exclusivamente voltada para seus padrões de usufruto da terra, para suas redes sociais e para a agência política dos mesmos. Através da construção de um modelo de formação territorial que incorpora, de forma explicita, a mobilidade e outros elementos chaves referentes aos modos-de-vida dos caçadores-coletores, este artigo demonstrará que polí-ticas de territorialidade encontram-se presentes desde o momento da primeira chegada de um grupo humano a uma área desabitada, expandindo-se e desenvolvendo-se através do tempo. Um breve exemplo da colonização inicial da América do Norte ilustrará os pontos principais.

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“…Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas han surgido explicaciones alternativas orientadas a valorar a las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras complejas, capaces de crear condiciones favorables para promover transformaciones estructurales (Arnold 1996;Bellwood 2009;Budja 1996Budja , 2005. Efectivamente, en los Andes se ha identificado un conjunto de cambios progresistas durante el Arcaico Tardío, que han dado cuenta de diversas modalidades, cuyos datos arqueológicos y los medios ecológicos intervenidos no siempre muestran que la agricultura tuvo un impacto relevante (Aldenderfer 1989(Aldenderfer , 1993Craig 2011;Moseley 1975;Núñez, Cartajena, Carrasco, de Souza y Grosjean 2006;Sandweiss y Richardson III 1999;Shady 2003).…”

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El Tránsito Arcaico-Formativo en La Circumpuna Y Valles Occidentales Del Centro Sur Andino: Hacia Los Cambios "Neolíticos"

Núñez

Santoro

2011

Chungará (Arica)

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Se sintetizan los procesos socioculturales y productivos de las ocupaciones arcaicas costeñas y andinas de la circumpuna y valles occidentales, área Centro Sur Andina, poniendo énfasis en los eventos arcaicos tardíos, las evidencias de interacción y el desarrollo de respuestas de alta complejidad que habrían marcado el tránsito hacia la neolitización formativa. El rol de las sociedades locales y sus diferentes modalidades de vida vinculadas con los cambios formativos tempranos entre los 3.500 a 2.400 años a.p. se revisan en los siguientes modelos: (a) marítimo desértico circumpuneño distribuido entre Taltal y el Loa; (b) cazador-hortícola-pastoralista circumpuneño identificado entre las cuencas del Loa y Atacama; (c) marítimo-agroforestal localizado en los valles occidentales interiores entre los ríos Loa y Camiña (zona de Tarapacá); y (d) agromarítimo de valles occidentales costeños emplazados entre los ríos Camarones y Lluta. Las fases del Formativo Temprano correspondientes a: Tilocalar, Caserones y Azapa se valoran de acuerdo a los logros arcaicos previos y las decisivas interacciones con la costa desértica y fértil del norte de Chile.Palabras claves: Desierto de Atacama, cazadores-recolectores, Arcaico, pastoralismo, horticultores, Formativo Temprano, interacción social. Se ha planteado que el proceso de neolitización vinculado con el surgimiento de los logros civilizatorios se ha involucrado con cambios agrarios y ganaderos, siguiendo el modelo europeo, asociado a prácticas sedentarias (Craig 2011;Lumbreras 2006;Lavallée 2006;Lynch 1973Lynch , 1983 Muñoz 1989 Muñoz , 2004 Núñez 1989;Rivera 1994;Romero et al. 2004). Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas han surgido explicaciones alternativas orientadas a valorar a las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras complejas, capaces de crear condiciones favorables para promover transformaciones estructurales This article synthesizes the sociocultural and economy processes of archaic coastal and Andean societies that occupied the circumpuna and the Western Valleys regions, within the South Central Andes. We emphases on the late archaic events, the evidence of inter regional interaction, and the development of high complex responses that would have marked the transition toward formative

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The archaeology of complex hunter-gatherers

Cited by 152 publications

References 64 publications

The origins and significance of coastal resource use in Africa and Western Eurasia

The origins and significance of coastal resource use in Africa and Western Eurasia

Agency and politics in hunter-gatherer territory formation

El Tránsito Arcaico-Formativo en La Circumpuna Y Valles Occidentales Del Centro Sur Andino: Hacia Los Cambios "Neolíticos"

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