The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus intraradices reduces the root rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum in wheat

Spagnoletti, Federico N.; Carmona, Marcelo; Balestrasse, Karina B.; Chiocchio, Viviana M.; Giacometti, Romina; Lavado, Raúl S.

doi:10.1016/j.rhisph.2021.100369

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Our results showed that inoculation with G. viscosum significantly improved productivity and ameliorated the disease severity in most of the AMF-treated plants. This is consistent with previous observations showing a beneficial effect on productivity and disease severity in cotton plants affected by Verticillium wilt inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis [62], in wheat plants infected with Fusarium pseudograminearum and colonized by Rhizophagus intraradices [56], and in potato contaminated by the pathogen Fusarium sambucinum and inoculated with the AMF Glomus irregular [63]. Although G. viscosum had a significant effect on reducing symptoms' development on leaves, the inoculation still caused slight stem browning in most of the AMF-treated plants, confirming previous findings where several AMF treatments showed differences in efficiency towards reducing disease severity [57,64,65].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Ensuring stable crop yields and quality while simultaneously guarding human health and the environment is a current challenge facing the farming and research communities. In recent years, the inoculation of plants with AMF has received increasing attention as an environment-friendly approach for improving plant nutrition by increasing nutrients and water availability, nutraceutical values by inducing changes in secondary metabolism, and plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress by selecting resistant cultivars and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes [51][52][53][54][55][56]. According to this view, the present study evaluated the effectiveness of the AMF G. viscosum as a biocontrol agent against the soil-borne pathogen V. dahliae by investigating the antioxidant responses and the effects on ROS metabolism in artichokes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of AMF on the modulation of ASC-GSH cycle enzymes and antioxidative metabolism have been scarcely studied [66]. Moreover, most of the studies focused on a narrow range of fungi, such as Trichoderma harzianum [67], R. intraradices [56,68], Glomus spp. [69], and the AMF Rhizolive consortium [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus viscosum Improves the Tolerance to Verticillium Wilt in Artichoke by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense Systems

Villani

Tommasi

Paciolla

2021

Cells

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Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is the most severe disease that threatens artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may represent a useful biological control strategy against this pathogen attack, replacing chemical compounds that, up to now, have been not very effective. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the AMF Glomus viscosum Nicolson in enhancing the plant tolerance towards the pathogen V. dahliae. The role of the ascorbate-glutathione (ASC-GSH) cycle and other antioxidant systems involved in the complex network of the pathogen-fungi-plant interaction have been investigated. The results obtained showed that the AMF G. viscosum is able to enhance the defense antioxidant systems in artichoke plants affected by V. dahliae, alleviating the oxidative stress symptoms. AMF-inoculated plants exhibited significant increases in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, a higher content of ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH), and a decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hence, G. viscosum may represent an effective strategy for mitigating V. dahliae pathogenicity in artichokes, enhancing the plant defense systems, and improving the nutritional values and benefit to human health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus viscosum Improves the Tolerance to Verticillium Wilt in Artichoke by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense Systems

Villani

Tommasi

Paciolla

2021

Cells

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“…A study on the wheat plant (Spagnoletti et al, 2021) showed that under stress conditions, the amount of SOD activity in plants inoculated with AMF was higher than inoculated plants (control). Under stress conditions, inoculating wheat plants with AMF activated the expression of genes encoding the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD, and CAT (Zou et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of rhizobia in improving the protective mechanisms of wheat under drought and supplementary irrigation conditions

Vafa

Sohrabi

Mirzaghaderi

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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IntroductionWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a strategic crop and one of the world's most essential cereals, providing most of the world's calories and protein needs. Drought stress is one of the main limitations for crop production such as wheat in arid and semi-arid regions. Plants can accumulate antioxidants, carbohydrates, and stress hormones that stimulate cell and molecular regeneration under stress conditions. Irrigation saves water, improves crop photosynthesis, and increases plant ability to absorb water and elements from soil. Therefore, irrigation at the right time or supplementary irrigation can help plant growth and crop yield under drought conditions. Appropriate nutrition with fertilizers increases plants' stress tolerance. Bio-fertilizers are restorative elements used in soil to improve tolerance to stresses such as drought stress. A well-known class of bio-fertilizers is plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). These rhizosphere bacteria affect plant development and productivity by interacting with roots. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alleviate drought stress in plants by enhancing their ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Seaweed extract bio-fertilizer is organic matter used to increase crop growth and soil fertility. This bio-fertilizer is utilized as growth stimulants and food supplements. Our research analyzed the effects of rhizobia and seaweed extracts on wheat's drought resistance mechanisms.Materials and methodsThis research was conducted in Iran in the crop years of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 in the research farm of Kurdistan University Faculty of Agriculture located in Dehgolan with coordinates 47°18′ 55″ East and 35°19′ 10″ North with an altitude of 1866 meters above sea level, 45 kilometers east It was done on the wheat plant in Sanandaj city. The experiment was conducted in the form of a split-split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications. Irrigation treatments as the main factor (no irrigation or dry-land, one irrigation in the booting stage, two irrigations in the booting and spike stages), two wheat cultivars (Sardari and Sirvan) as secondary factors, and the application of biological fertilizers at eight levels including Mycorrhiza + Nitrozist and Phosphozist, Seaweed extract + Nitrozist and Phosphozist, Mycorrhiza + Seaweed extract, Mycorrhiza + Nitrozist and Phosphozist and no application of biological fertilizers (control) as Sub-sub-factors were considered.Results and discussionAccording to the study, when bio-fertilizer was applied with once and twice supplementary irrigation levels, leaf relative water content (RWC) and soluble protein content (SPC) increased, while lack of irrigation increased malondialdehyde (MDA). In both years, bio-fertilizers, especially their combinations, increased the amount and activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenol (Phe), flavonoid (Fla), and anthocyanin (Anth). Also, it enhanced the inhibition of free radicals by 2-2-Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and cleared active oxygen species. It was found that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were very low in wheat under two times irrigation with averages of 3.3909 and 3.3865 μmol g−1 FW. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants such as Phe, Fla, Anth, DPPH, POD, and SOD enzymes and their role in improving stress under dry-land conditions, especially in the Sardari variety. Biological fertilizers (Mycorrhiza + Nitrozist and Phosphozist + Seaweed extract) increased wheat yield compared to the control. Furthermore, Mycorrhiza + Nitrozist and Phosphozist + Seaweed extract improved grain yield by 8.04% and 6.96% in the 1st and 2nd years, respectively. Therefore, appropriate combinations of microorganisms, beneficial biological compounds, and supplementary irrigation can reduce the adverse effects of drought stress in arid and semi-arid regions.

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“…show strong inhibitory effects on F. pseudograminearum when sprayed onto straw colonised by this pathogen, thereby reducing FCR inoculum levels in the field (Stummer et al, 2022). Similarly, other biocontrol agents, such as arbuscular mycorrhizae, may provide significant protection against FCR (Spagnoletti et al, 2021).…”

Section: Entry (Reduce Contamination/ Infestation)/impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Fusarium pseudograminearum

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Fusarium pseudograminearum O'Donnell & T. Aoki. F. pseudograminearum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen, able to cause a disease known as Fusarium crown rot (FCR, also known as foot and root rot) and occasionally Fusarium head blight on small grain cereals, particularly Triticum aestivum L., Triticum turgidum L. spp. durum (Dest.), Hordeum vulgare L. and triticale (xTriticosecale). In addition, F. pseudograminearum has been isolated from soybean (Glycine max L.) and from some grass genera, such as Phalaris, Agropyron and Bromus, which represent potentially important inoculum reservoirs. This pathogen has been reported in arid and semi-arid cropping regions in Australia, New Zealand, North and South America, northern Africa and South Africa, the Middle East and Asia. In the EU, it has been reported in Italy since 1994 and later in Spain on field-grown durum wheat, but uncertainty remains regarding the actual distribution of the pathogen in the EU. The pathogen is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Seeds of host plants and soil and other substrates are the main pathways for the entry and spread of the pathogen into the EU. There are no reports of interceptions of F. pseudograminearum in the EU. Host availability and climate suitability occurring in the EU favour establishment of the pathogen and allow it to establish in areas from which it has not been reported. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into the EU, and additional measures are available to mitigate the risk of spread. In the non-EU areas of its present distribution, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts (e.g. wheat, barley, triticale and soybean) that are also relevant for the EU. However, no crop losses have been reported so far in the EU. The Panel concludes that F. pseudograminearum satisfies all the criteria to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

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The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus intraradices reduces the root rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum in wheat

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus viscosum Improves the Tolerance to Verticillium Wilt in Artichoke by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense Systems

The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus viscosum Improves the Tolerance to Verticillium Wilt in Artichoke by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense Systems

The effect of rhizobia in improving the protective mechanisms of wheat under drought and supplementary irrigation conditions

Pest categorisation of Fusarium pseudograminearum

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