The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices is haploid and has a small genome size in the lower limit of eukaryotes

Hijri, Mohamed; Sanders, Ian R.

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2003.10.011

Cited by 75 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This could be done in various ways. For example, Hijri and Sanders demonstrated that filtering samples through a 5 mm mesh (44) can improve the quality of nuclear signals in flow cytometry because the filter retains some of the debris in the sample. However, each such step reduces the yield of nuclei because they get trapped on the mesh or on tube walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it stabilizes the nuclei and protects the DNA from degradation during the analysis by inhibition of nucleases or other enzymes and impact of the charge of molecules, thus the specificity of molecular interactions and the binding and fluorescent properties of the used dyes. A wide range of buffers for use with fungal samples have been reported in the literature (31,(44)(45)(46). Tris-based buffers are often used when working with fungal samples (47)(48)(49), but it has also been reported that fungal nuclei are stabilized by sucrose, divalent ions such as Mg 21 or Ca 21 , and slightly basic buffers (pH 7.5-8.0) (43).…”

Section: Technical Notementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanical cell disruption is often performed with a simple mortar and pestle (44,58) but this technique is unsuitable for large samples and introduces a degree of subjectivity into the sample handling process. Ultracentrifugal milling is a good alternative that does not suffer from these drawbacks and enables the rapid and efficient comminution of diverse materials through impact effects and shear (59).…”

Section: Technical Notementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass measurement by flow cytometry during solid‐state fermentation of basidiomycetes

et al. 2014

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Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a robust process that is well suited to the on-site cultivation of basidiomycetes that produce enzymes for the treatment of lignocellulosics. Reliable methods for biomass quantification are essential for the analysis of fungal growth kinetics. However, direct biomass determination is not possible during SSF because the fungi grow into the substrate and use it as a nutrient source. This necessitates the use of indirect methods that are either very laborious and time consuming or can only provide biomass measurements during certain growth periods. Here, we describe the development and optimization of a new rapid method for fungal biomass determination during SSF that is based on counting fungal nuclei by flow cytometry. Fungal biomass was grown on an organic substrate and its concentration was measured by isolating the nuclei from the fungal hyphae after cell disruption, staining them with SYTOX V R Green, and then counting them using a flow cytometer. A calibration curve relating the dry biomass of the samples to their concentrations of nuclei was established. Multiple buffers and disruption methods were tested. The results obtained were compared with values determined using the method of ergosterol determination, a classical technique for fungal biomass measurement during SSF. Our new approach can be used to measure fungal biomass on a range of different scales, from 15 mL cultures to a laboratory reactor with a working volume of 10 L (developed by

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Notementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Notementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass measurement by flow cytometry during solid‐state fermentation of basidiomycetes

et al. 2014

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“…In addition to identifying candidate genes implicated in development of the biotrophic interface, these analyses point to the existence of both cell autonomous and systemic signaling pathways operating in the AM symbiosis. Current information about the genomes of AM fungi is limited, but analyses of one species, Glomus intraradices, suggest a genome size of 15 Mb (Hijiri and Sanders, 2004). Genome sequencing is in progress and promises to provide the first insights into the genome of a broad-host-range, obligate symbiont.…”

Section: Differentiation During Arbuscule Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peace Talks and Trade Deals. Keys to Long-Term Harmony in Legume-Microbe Symbioses

2005

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“…This model fungus is characterised by a haploid and comparably small genome of only ∼15 Mb (Hijri and Sanders 2004) containing only few repetitive sequences Martin et al 2004). The availability of full genome sequences of two model legumes and a model fungus can be expected to further advance our understanding of AM symbioses in the forthcoming years, although the lack of a transformation system for mycorrhizal fungi remains a major drawback.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional snapshots provide insights into the molecular basis of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the model legume Medicago truncatula

Hohnjec

Henckel

Bekel

et al. 2006

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association between terrestrial plants and soil fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota is the most widespread beneficial plant-microbe interaction on earth. In the course of the symbiosis, fungal hyphae colonise plant roots and supply limiting nutrients, in particular phosphorus, in exchange for carbon compounds. Owing to the obligate biotrophy of mycorrhizal fungi and the lack of genetic systems to study them, targeted molecular studies on AM symbioses proved to be difficult. With the emergence of plant genomics and the selection of suitable models, an application of untargeted expression profiling experiments became possible. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, high-throughput expressed sequence tag (EST)-sequencing in conjunction with in silico and experimental transcriptome profiling provided transcriptional snapshots that together defined the global genetic program activated during AM. Owing to an asynchronous development of the symbiosis, several hundred genes found to be activated during the symbiosis cannot be easily correlated with symbiotic structures, but the expression of selected genes has been extended to the cellular level to correlate gene expression with specific stages of AM development. These approaches identified marker genes for the AM symbiosis and provided the first insights into the molecular basis of gene expression regulation during AM.

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The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices is haploid and has a small genome size in the lower limit of eukaryotes

Cited by 75 publications

References 34 publications

Biomass measurement by flow cytometry during solid‐state fermentation of basidiomycetes

Biomass measurement by flow cytometry during solid‐state fermentation of basidiomycetes

Peace Talks and Trade Deals. Keys to Long-Term Harmony in Legume-Microbe Symbioses

Transcriptional snapshots provide insights into the molecular basis of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the model legume Medicago truncatula

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