Peace Talks and Trade Deals. Keys to Long-Term Harmony in Legume-Microbe Symbioses

Oldroyd, Giles; Harrison, Maria J.; Udvardi, Michael K.

doi:10.1104/pp.104.057661

Cited by 95 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This protocol was also successful for other Phaseolus spp. : P. coccineus, P. lunatus and P. acutifolius 11 . This procedure provides a new tool for functional genomics by enabling the generation of knockdown and gain-of-function composite plants, especially focused on genes involved in root biology and root-microbe interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Only one successful report of transformation with A. tumefaciens in a cultivar of Phaseolus acutifolious is available 10 . A. rhizogenes-mediated root transformation has been described for numerous legumes and composite plants with untransformed shoots and transformed roots that can be nodulated by rhizobia and colonized by micorrhiza 11 . Composite plants in legumes provide a fast and convenient alternative transformation procedure to generating stable transgenic lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast, efficient and reproducible genetic transformation of Phaseolus spp. by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Estrada-Navarrete

Alvarado‐Affantranger

et al. 2007

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This transformation procedure generates, with high efficiency (70-90%), hairy roots in cultivars, landraces and accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and other Phaseolus spp. Hairy roots rapidly develop after wounding young plantlets with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, at the cotyledon node, and keeping the plants in high-humidity conditions. Callogenesis always precedes hairy-root formation, and after 15 days, when roots develop at wounded sites, the stem with the normal root is cleaved below the hairy root zone. Transgenic roots and nodules co-transformed with a binary vector can be easily identified using a reporter gene. This procedure, in addition to inducing robust transgenic hairy roots that are susceptible to being nodulated by rhizobia and to fixing nitrogen efficiently, sets the foundation for a high-throughput functional genomics approach on the study of root biology and root-microbe interactions. This protocol can be completed within 30 days.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast, efficient and reproducible genetic transformation of Phaseolus spp. by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Estrada-Navarrete

Alvarado‐Affantranger

et al. 2007

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“…A major issue is the positioning of SYM protein activity in the framework of the signaling cascade. A physiological benchmark is the calcium-spiking response, occurring in root hairs 10 Á/30 min after Nod Factor treatment and causing rhythmical oscillations of cytosolic calcium concentration (Oldroyd et al 2005). This marker allows the positioning of SYMRK (SYM2 in Lotus japonicus, DMI2 in M. truncatula) as well as DMI1 upstream to the calcium spiking, while DMI3 acts downstream (Figure 4).…”

Section: Mutant Plants As a Tool To Understand The Genetics Of Plant/mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a mycorrhizal cell: How to reach compatibility between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Genre

Bonfante

2005

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…3 Molecules secreted by microorganisms, after binding to specific receptors, trigger in plant cells transient changes in cytosolic Ca 2+ level, due to the influx of the ion from the extracellular environment and/or the release from internal Ca 2+ storage compartments. 4,5 Ca 2+ messages delivered to plant cells are at least partly deciphered on the basis of their spatial and temporal features.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In the mycorrhizal signal transduction pathway the involvement of Ca 2+ has long been speculated, based on the observed similarities with symbiotic nitrogen fixation. 3 To evaluate the possible participation of Ca 2+ in the early steps of the AM symbiosis, we have used a simplified experimental system given by plant cell suspension cultures stably expressing the bioluminescent Ca 2+ -sensitive reporter aequorin. 9 The use of cultured cells circumvents the problem posed by multilayered organs: in aequorin-transformed seedlings, possible Ca 2+ changes occurring in rhizodermal cells-the first place where the AM fungal signals are perceived and transduced-can be misrecorded due to luminescence calibration over all root cell layers, resulting in an underestimation of the Ca 2+ signal in the responsive cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium opens the dialogue between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Navazio

Mariani

2008

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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In the rhizosphere plants meet a wide array of microorganisms. In favorable interactions, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and nitrogen fixing symbioses, a dialogue is progressively established between the two interacting organisms to make the appropriate partner choice. These two-way communications rely on the interchange of signals released by both potential symbionts. After perception of the signalling molecules, a signal transduction pathway is induced, leading to the activation of the proper genetic and developmental program in both partners.Variations in intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration occur as one of the initial steps in signalling pathways activated in plants when they encounter pathogens, 1 fungal biocontrol agents 2 and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 3 Molecules secreted by microorganisms, after binding to specific receptors, trigger in plant cells transient changes in cytosolic Ca 2+ level, due to the influx of the ion from the extracellular environment and/or the release from internal Ca 2+ storage compartments. 4,5 Ca 2+ messages delivered to plant cells are at least partly deciphered on the basis of their spatial and temporal features. The occurrence of different Ca 2+ signatures guarantees the specificity of the ensuing physiological responses.In the legume-rhizobium symbiosis a definite pattern of Ca 2+ oscillations has been reported to occur in response to the rhizobial signalling molecule, the Nod factor, in the nucleus and perinuclear cytoplasm of the root hair. 6 The Ca 2+ spike number has been recently demonstrated to regulate nodulation gene expression. 7 Legumes are able to engage in a dual symbiotic interaction, with rhizobia and AM fungi. Components of the Ca 2+ -mediated signalling pathway are shared by the two symbioses. 8 In the mycorrhizal signal transduction pathway the involvement of Ca 2+ has long been speculated, based on the observed similarities with symbiotic nitrogen fixation. 3 To evaluate the possible participation of Ca 2+ in the early steps of the AM symbiosis, we have used a simplified experimental system given by plant cell suspension cultures stably expressing the bioluminescent Ca 2+ -sensitive reporter aequorin. 9 The use of cultured cells circumvents the problem posed by multilayered organs: in aequorin-transformed seedlings, possible Ca 2+ changes occurring in rhizodermal cells-the first place where the AM fungal signals are perceived and transduced-can be misrecorded due to luminescence calibration over all root cell layers, resulting in an underestimation of the Ca 2+ signal in the responsive cells. An experimental design based on challenging host plant cells with the culture medium of different AM fungi (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus mosseae and intraradices) provided the first firm evidence that Ca 2+ is involved as intracellular messenger during mycorrhizal signalling, at least in a pre-contact stage. Cytosolic Ca 2+ changes, characterized by specific kinetic parameters, were triggered by diffusates obtained from AM resting and germinating spores, 9 and ext...

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Peace Talks and Trade Deals. Keys to Long-Term Harmony in Legume-Microbe Symbioses

Cited by 95 publications

References 68 publications

Fast, efficient and reproducible genetic transformation of Phaseolus spp. by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Fast, efficient and reproducible genetic transformation of Phaseolus spp. by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Building a mycorrhizal cell: How to reach compatibility between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Calcium opens the dialogue between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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