The Aqueous Extract ofWithania coagulansFruit Partially Reverses Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Abstract

Withania coagulans fruit has been shown to possess antihyperglycemic properties and is used in the traditional Indian system of medicine. However, there has no systematic study of its mechanism of action. In a rat model diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg of body weight) followed by streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg of body weight. After 96 h, mildly diabetic (MD) (fasting plasma glucose [FPG]=7-11.1 mmol/L) and severely diabetic (SD) (FPG>11.1 mmol/L) rats were treated with aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of body weight/day orally. FPG, postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, and glucose-metabolizing enzymes were assayed at Day 30. Treatment of diabetic animals (MD and SD) with different doses of aqueous W. coagulans resulted in significantly decreased FPG, PPPG, and HbA(1c) (P<.01), whereas serum insulin increased significantly compared with that in diabetic-untreated rats (P<.01). MD and SD animals treated with aqueous W. coagulans also showed significant increases in liver and muscle glycogen compared with diabetic-untreated animals (P<.01). Moreover, activities of glucokinase and phosphofructokinase were also significantly increased (P<.01), whereas glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased (P<.01) in MD and SD groups treated with aqueous W. coagulans compared with diabetic-untreated groups. The most effective dose of aqueous W. coagulans was 250 mg/kg of body weight. These results show that the aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit has significant antihyperglycemic effects, which may be through the modulation of insulin levels and related enzyme activities.

Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic, and antioxidant activity of Syzygium densiflorum fruits in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

“…Similar observations were noticed in STZ-induced diabetic rats (Rao et al 2013). Besides, a moderate increase in liver glycogen of EFSD (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg b.wt) treated groups reveals the improved insulin action to maintain the glucose level by glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Palsamy & Subramanian 2009;Shukla et al 2012).…”

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA VAHLII Wt. and Arn. (CAESALPINIACEAE) ROOT – A BOTANICAL SOURCE FOR THE AYURVEDA DRUG MURVA

“…Lipid peroxidation causes cell membrane destruction by free radicals [19] and the estimation of lipid peroxidation in terms of MDA levels directly reflects the extent of oxidative damage occurred. The elevation in A decrease in liver glycogen content in diabetic animals was observed which might be due to decreased glycogen synthesis or increased glycogenolysis [20]. This decreased hepatic glycogen in the animals treated with STZ-NA was significantly increased by EEBVR and AEBVR in a dose-dependent fashion.…”

A Comparative Clinical Study of Unani Formulation (Maghz Tukhm-e-Jamun wa Tukhm-e-Hayat) and Metformin in the Management of Ziabetus Shakari (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)

“…The efficacy of Unani formulation on subjective parameters might be due to a reduction in blood sugar levels, as both the drugs exerted anti-hyperglycemic activity synergistically with antioxidant properties inherent in them, especially Jamun (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44).…”

“…The possible mechanism by which Jamun seeds decreased blood sugar level might be the induction of insulin secretion from β-cells of the islets of Langerhans or its release from the bound form (34,36,38,42).…”