The application of multiscale quasi 4D CT to the study of SrCrO4 distributions and the development of porous networks in epoxy-based primer coatings

Hughes, Alison; Trinchi, Adrian; Ff, Chen; Yang, Sam; Cole, Ivan; Sellaiyan, S.; Carr, James; Lee, Peter; Thompson, G.E.; Tao, Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.07.001

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Summary depletion depths for the deepest depletion are presented in Table 4. Figure 14c is a higher magnification image of the region near the surface showing the extent of interconnection between the voids, which indicate a cluster formation, as previously reported by Hughes et al for chromate clusters in an epoxy-based coating [72][73][74]. These data show that local depletion within the coating can be considerably deeper than the homogeneous depletion depth.…”

Section: Measurement Of Li-depletionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Particle Characterisation and Depletion of Li2CO3 Inhibitor in a Polyurethane Coating

et al. 2017

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The distribution and chemical composition of inorganic components of a corrosion-inhibiting primer based on polyurethane is determined using a range of characterisation techniques. The primer consists of a Li 2 CO 3 inhibitor phase, along with other inorganic phases including TiO 2 , BaSO 4 and Mg-(hydr)oxide. The characterisation techniques included particle induced X-ray and γ-ray emission spectroscopies (PIXE and PIGE, respectively) on a nuclear microprobe, as well as SEM/EDS hyperspectral mapping. Of the techniques used, only PIGE was able to directly map the Li distribution, although the distribution of Li 2 CO 3 particles could be inferred from SEM through using backscatter contrast and EDS. Characterisation was also performed on a primer coating that had undergone leaching in a neutral salt spray test for 500 h. Overall, it was found that Li 2 CO 3 leaching resulted in a uniform depletion zone near the surface, but also much deeper local depletion, which is thought to be due to the dissolution of clusters of Li 2 CO 3 particles that were connected to the external surface/electrolyte interface.

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Section: Measurement Of Li-depletionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Particle Characterisation and Depletion of Li2CO3 Inhibitor in a Polyurethane Coating

et al. 2017

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“…These voids, depending on circumstances, may comprise a significant fraction of the simulation volume, and their dimensions would scale to the order of nanometers in a physical system. This suggests that there may be regions of lowered density, as seen in recent results [29]. These would occur especially in polymers that are confined by adhesion to substrates, reinforcing fibers or pigment particles, and are in use around or below their glass transition temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Cavitation in crosslinked polymers: Molecular dynamics simulations of network formation

Zee

Feickert

Kroll

et al. 2015

Progress in Organic Coatings

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a b s t r a c tCrosslinked organic polymers are used in a wide variety of coatings and composites to distribute stress, increase toughness and protect the substrate by limiting the passage of aggressive chemicals. Enhancing performance of crosslinked polymers requires understanding how precursor chemistry and geometry, as well as crosslinking protocol, determine the structure and performance of the resulting network. Previous molecular dynamics studies have indicated that cavitation produces pores in simulated liquids, even metals (and the resultant solids), when there is only a single type of force, usually van der Waals, between particles. Here we show that nano-sized cavitation voids also occur in a system bound by van der Waals (Lennard-Jones) forces that is additionally crosslinked with strong covalent (FENE) bonds to form 3 or 6 functional solid networks. Cavitation was observed in both systems. These voids are not a consolidation of "free volume", nor due to a loss of volatiles, but happen as the solidification/cooling stresses exceed the local tensile strength of the material. At temperatures well above the glass transition temperature, "free volume" is distributed evenly throughout the sample in very small pores. As the system cools through its rubbery phase, a few larger voids form via cavitation. Although the loci of these larger voids is associated with crosslinked nodes, cavitation involves the rupturing of weak van der Waals (Lennard-Jones) bonds between molecular chains in regions not constrained by the strong intramolecular bonds. Voids were observed to form during rapid quenches, as well as during much slower cooling at fixed volume, which emulates adhesion of the network to a more rigid body. The voids are large compared to the dimensions of aggressive ionic species and water molecules, and may potentially reduce the barrier properties of a crosslinked coating or composite. Such pore formation, via cavitation, during network formation and curing is not incorporated in current theories of the crosslinking process.

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“…Setup "Calcite clusters" display color as "One Colour per Data Value"; the channel display should resemble Figure 13(b). Details about clustering analysis and applications are published elsewhere [18][19][20] .…”

Section: Property Analysis and User Plug-in Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tutorial introduction to DCM quantitative characterization and modelling of material microstructures using monochromatic multi-energy x-ray CT

Yang¹,

Trinchi²,

Tulloh³

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. This article is intended as a tutorial guide for new users of the DCM (data-constrained modelling) software for quantitative characterization of material 3D microstructures using multi-energy X-ray CT data. It guides users through the steps necessary for processing a small CIPS (Calcite In-situ Precipitation System) sandstone data set. It also covers some built-in and plug-in features to analyze and visualize the microstructures.

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The application of multiscale quasi 4D CT to the study of SrCrO4 distributions and the development of porous networks in epoxy-based primer coatings

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Particle Characterisation and Depletion of Li2CO3 Inhibitor in a Polyurethane Coating

Particle Characterisation and Depletion of Li2CO3 Inhibitor in a Polyurethane Coating

Cavitation in crosslinked polymers: Molecular dynamics simulations of network formation

A tutorial introduction to DCM quantitative characterization and modelling of material microstructures using monochromatic multi-energy x-ray CT

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