The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Wound Repair and Regeneration

Abstract

In the past decades, regenerative medicine applied on skin lesions has been a field of constant improvement for both human and veterinary medicine. The process of healing cutaneous wound injuries implicates a well-organized cascade of molecular and biological processes. However, sometimes the normal process fails and can result in a chronic lesion. In addition, wounds are considered an increasing clinical impairment, due to the progressive ageing of the population, as well as the prevalence of concomitant diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, that represent risk-aggravating factors for the development of chronic skin lesions. Stem cells’ regenerative potential has been recognized worldwide, including towards skin lesion repair, Tissue engineering techniques have long been successfully associated with stem cell therapies, namely the application of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffolds. With this review, we intend to explore several stem cell sources with promising aptitude towards skin regeneration, as well as different techniques used to deliver those cells and provide a supporting extracellular matrix environment, with effective outcomes. Furthermore, different studies are discussed, both in vitro and in vivo, in terms of their relevance in the skin regeneration field.

Oral Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Systemic Sclerosis: Characterization and Response to a Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Biomaterial

“…Additionally, our review of the literature reveals that infusions with HA and adipose-derived MSCs in the treatment of affected skin areas of SSc patients offer definite clinical benefits [14]. The ready-applicable MSC-based clinical approaches addressing regeneration of oral structures are an extremely appealing tool of regenerative medicine [61]; however, they have not, to date, been made available [10]. Periodontal regeneration of affected tissues is a relatively unpredictable phenomenon [62], especially in the case of SSc associated with an impaired local environment.…”

An Update on Applications of Cattle Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…Even so, a chronic lesion can develop when the normal process fails. The regenerative potential of stromal cells has also been widely recognised for skin lesion repair [ 121 ]. Recent studies support the concept that MSCs can be appropriated for treating chronic wounds [ 122 , 123 , 124 ].…”

“…Even if the exact functions of stromal cells in wound healing have not yet been completely elucidated, they are involved in the removal of dead cells and necrotic tissue, angiogenesis, reduction in scar tissue formation, contraction of the wound and induction of re-epithelisation [ 121 ]. Consequently, wound healing is promoted, and local inflammation is reduced.…”

Peptide Mediated Adhesion to Beta-Lactam Ring of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study

“…Regenerative medicine applied to skin lesions has been a field of constant improvement for both human and veterinary medicine [7][8][9][10]. The objective of regenerative medicine is to stimulate the self-repair of tissues and organs with stem cells alone or in conjunction with biomaterials [11].…”