The term network intelligence is widely used in the field of communication networks. A number of new and potentially limiting concepts and products based on the concept of network intelligence have been introduced, including smart flows, intelligent routing, and intelligent web switching. Many intelligent systems focus on a specific service, function, or device, and do not provide true end-to-end network intelligence. True network intelligence requires more than a set of disconnected elements; it requires an interconnecting and functionally coupled architecture that enables the various functional levels to interact and communicate with each other. We propose a uniform framework for understanding end-to-end communication network intelligence (CNI), which is defined as the ability of a network to act appropriately in a changing environment. We consider an appropriate action to be one that increases the optimal and efficient use of network resources in delivering services, and we define success as the achievement of behavior subgoals that support the service provider's ultimate goals, which are defined external to the network system. The framework presented incorporates the functional elements of intelligence into computational modules and interconnects the modules into networks and hierarchies that have spatial, logical, and temporal properties. Based on the framework proposed, we describe an end-to-end multiservice network application spanning the network management layer, optical layer, switching/routing layer, services layer, and other layers. communication network intelligence (CNI) that ties all these separate areas of knowledge into a unified framework has been lacking. This paper is an attempt to formulate the broad outlines of such a model to better understand and to build flexible end-to-end intelligent systems. The goal is to create a general structure of CNI that encompasses converged nextgeneration communication networks. The model presented here incorporates knowledge of communication systems and processes gained from a great variety of sources.Service providers are looking for vendors who can provide flexible end-to-end networks so they can benefit from reduced operations costs, which translate into more competitive, cost-effective service offerings. Unlike other vendors, Lucent Technologies, with its broad product portfolio, is in a good position to deliver end-to-end intelligent network systems.For the most part, current communications industry practice assumes that networking consists of largely predictable processes that can safely proceed without the benefit of-or need for-in-process measurement and real-time feedback. Most adjustments in networking processes are made by service provider operators, who often use intuition and experience to tune parameters. As technological changes occur at an ever faster pace, insufficient consideration is being given to the need for real-time planning and replanning, automatic service adaptability, real-time resource optimization, and the ability to adapt to cha...