The Application of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels in Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Abstract

At present, the healing of osteopathy, especially the healing of cartilage, has been proven to be difficult. Commonly used treatment methods are autogenous bone grafts and allogeneic bone grafts, but grafts cannot fully meet the clinical treatment requirements due to problems related to the source, price, immunity, and other concerns. us, the combination of biomaterials and tissue engineering technology has become a new direction in research. Among studies on tissue engineering bone and cartilage materials, hydrogels that show biological activity, absorbability after degradability, plasticity, and easy preparation have become the focus. Hydrogels are used as extracellular matrix mimics. Although various materials are able to form hydrogels, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives are prominently used. Hyaluronic acid hydrogels have many advantages, such as promoting cell adhesion and proliferation and wound healing. ey also demonstrate sufficient biological activity for stimulating a microenvironment for cell survival. However, their disadvantages require further modification and include a poor degradation rate and insufficient mechanical performance. In this paper, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels, their modifications, applications, and mechanisms, as well as new techniques for processing hyaluronic acid hydrogels in bone and cartilage tissue engineering, are briefly reviewed, and their future prospects and directions for future work are discussed.

Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Effect on Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro

“…Chemical and bioactive traits of HA, such as the ability to bind water molecules or forming a framework for cell migration, provide a convenient environment for the seeded cells, while its conductive function facilitates ingrowth of the surrounding tissues [ 25 , 29 ]. The application of HA is broad, including bone, cartilage, skin, eye, periodontal, or dental pulp tissue engineering [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Modeling the Mechanobiology of Cancer Cell Migration Using 3D Biomimetic Hydrogels

“…Furthermore, the HA network stands out for its viscoelastic and cushioning properties, essential for the proper functioning of bone and articular cartilage. Accordingly, several studies have reported how HA hydrogels induce the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondroblasts and osteoblasts that help repair and regenerate soft and hard tissues [ 60 ]. Furthermore, HA lattices display a porous framework that is optimal for cell implantation and ingrowth in cartilage and bone tissue engineering, as well as tumor immunotherapeutic drug delivery [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Injectable hydrogels in stroke and spinal cord injury treatment: a review on hydrogel materials, cell–matrix interactions and glial involvement

“…60 Combining the unique properties from various natural polymers and their inherent characteristics, such as biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity and non-toxicity, cells and host tissues could potentially have a higher chance of survival and proliferation in these hydrogels. 61 Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are amino acid-based molecules that undergo sol-gel transition at neutral pH and ionic concentration to form ECM-like networks. 62 ECM molecules, growth factors and cells are also frequently incorporated to enhance cell attachment, cell migration and tissue regeneration.…”