The application of geometric network models and building information models in geospatial environments for fire-fighting simulations

Chen, Liang Chien; Wu, Chia Hao; Shen, Tzu-Sheng; Chou, Chien Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.01.003

Cited by 77 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this context, 3D city models can be used to determine the best position for the deployment of the ladder trucks before the arrival of firefighters at the scene [307].…”

Section: Emergency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3D models containing indoor can be used for route finding and accessibility [345][346][347][348][349][350][351][352], with specific applications such as evacuation [307,[353][354][355][356][357], navigating large train stations [358], determining indoor routes for the disabled [359], and locating the shortest path to the nearest automated external defibrillator [360]. Recent research efforts include the integration of indoor and outdoor routing for indoor emergency response facilitation [306].…”

Section: Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

617

380

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In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.

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“…In this context, 3D city models can be used to determine the best position for the deployment of the ladder trucks before the arrival of firefighters at the scene [307].…”

Section: Emergency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

617

380

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, in indoor emergency situations, the incident location, its surrounding areas, and dynamic geo-reference information are core elements requiring parametric description and quantitative analysis [45]. To provide efficient indoor evacuation and indoor services for emergency situations, a basic indoor spatial model should have three characteristics: (1) it should include the static interior structures and dynamic emergency information to provide the detailed 3D geometric and semantic information required during an emergency; (2) it should support the quantitative description and calculation of the distribution characteristics and dynamic changes among indoor objects during the simulation; and, finally, (3) it should be able to predict congestion and stagnation to support emergency management and decision-making.…”

Section: Difmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Indoor Field Model for Emergency Evacuation Simulation

Xiong

Zhu

et al. 2017

IJGI

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Indoor emergency response plays a critically important role in disaster management for cities, which must consider the evacuation of people in a dynamic indoor environment. The spatial model is the foundation for the specific analysis of indoor emergency responses, such as evacuations. The current spatial model for evacuation has three primary pitfalls: (1) it primarily focuses on static spatial information, such as rooms, doors, and windows, and lacks dynamic information, such as events and sensors; (2) it mainly focuses on the horizontal space and the static scene and lacks a multi-story component that considers the different properties of stairs compared to planar areas; and (3) it places emphasis on the indoor navigation calculation with a 2D/3D network, which lacks individual properties that can support more complicated analysis, such as congestion and stagnation. In this paper, we propose a dynamic indoor field model with three typical characteristics.(1) It includes not only static information but also dynamic information, such as outdoor and indoor building geometry, sensors, fire spread, and personnel behavior. (2) It supports multi-story buildings from the macro level (building level and floor level) to the micro level (room level and individual level) based on horizontal and vertical indoor space. (3) It supports spatial calculations based on a three-dimensional space grid and can analyze potential congestion and stagnation during evacuation. We design a corresponding evacuation method that supports individual evacuation route finding and evacuation assessment. We perform a series of analyses of the applicability of the proposed model and the efficiency of the designed evacuation method based on multi-story evacuation studies. The simulation includes a total evacuation population exceeding 7000 individuals, and the analysis suggests that the new model and algorithm are effective in planning indoor emergency routes that avoid potential congestion or stagnation.

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“…Thus, research has attempted to integrate current geographical information systems with geometric and semantic information of building utilities from 3D Building Information Models (BIM) (Eastman et al, 2011) for indoor way finding (El-Mekawy et al, 2012;Isikdag et al, 2013;Thill et al, 2011). However, only a few research have considered indoor information that is critical for emergency response operations and can be used for indoor emergency applications (Chen et al, 2014;Tashakkori et al, 2015a). Furthermore, accurate indoor route finding for emergency crew depends on availability of detailed indoor information aimed at this problem and simply routing them through shortest paths is not sufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating the 3d Indoor Search and Rescue Problem: An Overview of the Problem and an Ant Colony Solution Approach

Tashakkori¹,

Rajabifard²,

Kalantari³

2016

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Search and rescue procedures for indoor environments are quite complicated due to the fact that much of the indoor information is unavailable to rescuers before physical entrance to the incident scene. Thus, decision making regarding the number of crew required and the way they should be dispatched in the building considering the various access points and complexities in the buildings in order to cover the search area in minimum time is dependent on prior knowledge and experience of the emergency commanders. Hence, this paper introduces the Search and Rescue Problem (SRP) which aims at finding best search and rescue routes that minimize the overall search time in the buildings. 3D BIM-oriented indoor GIS is integrated in the indoor route graph to find accurate routes based on the building geometric and semantic information. An Ant Colony Based Algorithm is presented that finds the number of first responders required and their individual routes to search all rooms and points of interest inside the building to minimize the overall time spent by all rescuers inside the disaster area. The evaluation of the proposed model for a case study building shows a significant improve in search and rescue time which will lead to a higher chance of saving lives and less exposure of emergency crew to danger.

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The application of geometric network models and building information models in geospatial environments for fire-fighting simulations

Cited by 77 publications

References 17 publications

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

A Dynamic Indoor Field Model for Emergency Evacuation Simulation

Facilitating the 3d Indoor Search and Rescue Problem: An Overview of the Problem and an Ant Colony Solution Approach

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