The Application of Flexible Areas of Interest to Pilot Mobile Eye Tracking

Gomółka, Zbigniew; Kordos, Damian; Zeslawska, Ewa

doi:10.3390/s20040986

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The system recorded the reflection of infrared light from the eye of the operator to determine the points the operator was looking at. The eye-tracking glasses were connected through Wi-Fi to a portable computer, running the dedicated Tobii Pro Glasses Controller software (Gomolka at al. 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental workload of harvester operators working in steep terrain conditions

Szewczyk¹,

Spinelli²,

Magagnotti³

et al. 2020

Silva Fenn.

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The use of modern multi-functional forestry machines has already been associated with central nervous system fatigue induced by high mental workload. As these machines are being used under increasingly difficult terrain conditions, further knowledge is required on the expected aggravation of operatorsâ mental workload, so that suitable work/rest schedules can be developed. Within such a context, the aim of this study was to gauge aggravations of mental workload derived from increasing slope gradient. Measurements of eye activity were obtained from a representative harvester operator working in corridors with the following mean inclinations: 9%, 23% and 47%. The duration, frequency and trajectory of eye movements were used to determine the harvester operatorâs mental workload, on the assumption that worsening work conditions would be reflected by increased eyeball activity. The number of fixations during the performance of all tasks increased with the increasing slope gradient. Similarly, fixation duration increased with slope gradient. The mean duration of saccades when working on a 23% slope was 5% shorter compared to work under a 9% gradient. A further significant shortening of saccade duration (~22%) occurred when working on a 47% slope. The good match between eye activity cycles and work cycles, visible especially on steep slopes, indicates that mental workload is related to work conditions. Overall, operating a forest harvester on steep slopes results in a greatly increased mental workload and calls for suitable rest schedules.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental workload of harvester operators working in steep terrain conditions

Szewczyk¹,

Spinelli²,

Magagnotti³

et al. 2020

Silva Fenn.

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show abstract

“…The automated gaze-object mapping algorithm processes each fixation as a pair of x-and y coordinates. Until now, this method has reduced foveal vision to a single pixel within the recorded scene, which has been shown to lead to an omission of a majority of fixations, even though minimum calibration requirements were fulfilled (Gomolka, Kordos, & Zeslawska, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object-gaze distance: Quantifying near-peripheral gaze behavior in real-world applications

Wang

Wolf

Farshad

et al. 2021

JEMR

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Eye tracking (ET) has shown to reveal the wearer’s cognitive processes using the measurement of the central point of foveal vision. However, traditional ET evaluation methods have not been able to take into account the wearers’ use of the peripheral field of vision. We propose an algorithmic enhancement to a state-of-the-art ET analysis method, the Object-Gaze Distance (OGD), which additionally allows the quantification of near-peripheral gaze behavior in complex real-world environments. The algorithm uses machine learning for area of interest (AOI) detection and computes the minimal 2D Euclidean pixel distance to the gaze point, creating a continuous gaze-based time-series. Based on an evaluation of two AOIs in a real surgical procedure, the results show that a considerable increase of interpretable fixation data from 23.8 % to 78.3 % of AOI screw and from 4.5 % to 67.2 % of AOI screwdriver was achieved, when incorporating the near-peripheral field of vision. Additionally, the evaluation of a multi-OGD time series representation has shown the potential to reveal novel gaze patterns, which may provide a more accurate depiction of human gaze behavior in multi-object environments.

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“…For safety reasons and adequate work efficiency, harvesters and forwarders were used to clear the disas Overall, 20 such sets operated in the area. During work, the harvester operator's eyeball activity was recorded with the use of the Tobii Pro Glasses 2 reflective eye-tracker (Tobii AB, CO) (Table 3) and the Tobii Pro Glasses Controller software installed on a portable computer [31]. Before starting the work, the operator was informed about the purpose of testing and the measurement method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of the Harvester Operator’s Working Environment in Windthrow Stands

Szewczyk

Spinelli²,

Magagnotti³

et al. 2021

Forests

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The aim of the study was to determine the mental workload of a harvester operator when working in late thinning and in windthrown stands of the same type and age, using eye movement patterns as an indicator. Eyeball movement variability was analysed using the eye tracking method. The mean duration of eyesight fixations in windthrown stands was shorter than in the control undamaged stands by about 20% (444 ms and 534 ms, respectively). The mean time of eyesight movements (saccades) in the windthrown stands was shorter than in the control undamaged stands by approx. 15%. The largest differences between the duration of saccades in the windthrown and control stands were observed between the cutting of trees and cutting logs off their root plates: the saccades were longer by about 20% when working in the control stands (49 ms) as compared to the windthrown stands (43 ms). Large differences in the duration of saccades between the windthrown area (42 ms) and the control area (47 ms) were also found when travelling between successive operation sites. In both types of stands, the shortest saccades were observed during processing: 39 ms. Summary durations of saccades observed during the processing of successive trees occurred in sequences showing repeated periods of variable eyeball activity, where longer saccades were followed by shorter ones. Documented more variability of eyesight activities of the harvester operator performing the operations of processing and moving is new standard of eye balls activities for the more taxing work conditions presented by windthrown stands.

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The Application of Flexible Areas of Interest to Pilot Mobile Eye Tracking

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

The mental workload of harvester operators working in steep terrain conditions

The mental workload of harvester operators working in steep terrain conditions

Object-gaze distance: Quantifying near-peripheral gaze behavior in real-world applications

Perception of the Harvester Operator’s Working Environment in Windthrow Stands

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