The application of dynamic modeling for thermal risks analysis of the acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of glycidol

Abstract

The aim of this work was to determine the limits of safe operation of continuous flow stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR) for the acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of glycidol. The stability analysis was performed by dynamic modelling. The obtained results were compared with the experimental data reported in the open literature. For this purpose, dimensionless variables and parameters were introduced and unstable material and energy balances were defined. The system equations were solved using Matcont (Matlab® software). Thus, bifurcation diagrams (in one and two dimensions) were mapped. All different dynamic states were identified and studied (thermal stability and instability, with unique and multiple solutions; Hopf bifurcations; turning points and envelope of periodic solutions). Finally, the intrinsic thermal unstable and cycle behavior of the acid‐catalyzed hydration of glycidol to produce glycerol was identified. The appropriate conditions to guarantee safe operation of CSTR were found. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4418–4426, 2016

Potassium Nitrate Solubility in (Water + Ethanol) Mixed Solvents at Different Temperatures and Hydrochloric Acid Concentrations. Experimental Study and Modeling Using the Extended UNIQUAC Model

“…FRAMEWORK 2,26,28,29,45 The thermodynamic equilibrium of a hydrated solid salt, M ν + X ν − •nH 2 O (s) , where ν + is the number of cation M with charge +z M , ν − is the number of anion X with charge −z X , and n corresponds to the number of water molecules, in aqueous solution can be described as follows…”

Effect of Selectivity Enhancers on the Structure of Palladium during High-Pressure Continuous-Flow Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Ethanol

“…The solubility of NaBr in pure ethanol is reported as approximately 2.5 g per 100 g solvent, 49 and Na 2 SO 4 is practically insoluble. 50 After drying in ambient air, the weight of the solid residue (a mixture of NaBr and Na 2 SO 4 •10 H 2 O) was determined as 316 mg. From the mass change, a bromide concentration of approximately 0.02 mmol/L was estimated. The influence of acidic and bromide additives was studied at fixed H 2 :O 2 ratios of 0.67 and 2 in the combined ethanolic solution flow of 8.18 mL/min.…”

Determination of the Reaction Kinetic Parameters for Li2CO3 Crystallization from Li2SO4 and Na2CO3 Solutions Using Calorimetric Measurements

“…The initial rate method and a thermometric methodology were applied to find the reaction orders, activation energy, and the specific reaction rate constant. Later, Ojeda Toro et al 25 applied the thermometric method to determine the reaction kinetic parameters for the reactive crystallization of sodium sulfate from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid.…”

“…The area between q r and baseline (dashed) represents the global heat produced by the reaction, which can to be assimilated to the reaction enthalpy (Δ r H) due to the fact that the reaction was performed under constant pressure (eq 5). According to Ojeda Toro, 25 the values of reaction enthalpy and specific heats of reaction mixture involve all heat effects, enthalpy of reaction and heat of crystallization.…”

“…The reaction time increases as the temperature decreases. In this work, the reaction enthalpy and the specific heat were determined separately by the calorimetric method, unlike other studies, as in Ojeda Toro, 25 where only the ratio between reaction enthalpy and specific heat (Δ r H m /c Pr ) was calculated from experimental data of temperature in an adiabatic reactor by the thermometric method for the reactive system (NaCl−H 2 SO 4 − EtOH−H 2 O).…”